Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'malformed'

English Word: malformed

Key Russian Translations:

• искаженный [IPA: ɪskɐˈʐɛnnɨj] - [Adjective, Formal]
• уродливый [IPA: ʊrɐdˈlʲivɨj] - [Adjective, Informal, Used in descriptive or emotional contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in literary, medical, or technical discussions, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective inflections and nuanced vocabulary; for 'уродливый', it may be A2 due to simpler usage)

Pronunciation (Russian):

искаженный: [IPA: ɪskɐˈʐɛnnɨj]

Note on искаженный: The stress falls on the third syllable ('ʐɛnnɨj'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the rolled 'r' sound. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

уродливый: [IPA: ʊrɐdˈlʲivɨj]

Note on уродливый: The 'лʲ' is a soft 'l' sound, common in Russian; avoid overemphasizing it to sound natural.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Physically or structurally deformed, often implying irregularity in shape or form.

Translation(s) & Context:

• искаженный - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as describing medical conditions or artistic distortions.
• уродливый - Applied in informal or emotional settings, like criticizing appearance or design flaws.

Usage Examples:

• Искаженная статуя стояла в парке, отпугивая посетителей своим уродливым видом.

  The malformed statue stood in the park, repelling visitors with its distorted appearance.

• Врачи диагностировали у ребенка искаженную конечность из-за генетического дефекта.

  Doctors diagnosed the child with a malformed limb due to a genetic defect.

• Этот уродливый дизайн здания был результатом архитекторской ошибки.

  This malformed design of the building was the result of an architectural mistake.

• Программист исправил искаженный код, чтобы избежать ошибок в системе.

  The programmer fixed the malformed code to prevent errors in the system.

• Уродливый шрам на лице сделал его внешность еще более заметной.

  The malformed scar on his face made his appearance even more noticeable.

Meaning 2: Figuratively incorrect or flawed in structure, such as in abstract or metaphorical uses.

Translation(s) & Context:

• искаженный - Common in metaphorical contexts, like distorted ideas or data.
• уродливый - Less common here, but used for exaggerated flaws in informal speech.

Usage Examples:

• Его искаженное представление истории вызвало споры среди историков.

  His malformed understanding of history sparked debates among historians.

• Эта уродливая версия сказки не передает оригинальный смысл.

  This malformed version of the fairy tale doesn't convey the original meaning.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The primary translations are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. 'Искаженный' follows standard first-conjugation adjective patterns, while 'уродливый' is similar but can have slight irregularities in poetic or archaic use.

For 'уродливый', the inflections are nearly identical: e.g., Nominative Singular: уродливый (m), уродливая (f), уродливое (n), уродливые (pl). It is a regular adjective with no major irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • деформированный (deformirovannyy) - More technical, often used in medical contexts.
  • изуродованный (izurodovannyy) - Implies severe distortion, with a connotation of violence.
• Antonyms:
  • идеальный (ideal'nyy) - Perfect or flawless.
  • правильный (pravil'nyy) - Correct or well-formed.

Related Phrases:

• искаженная реальность (iskazhennaya real'nost') - A distorted reality; often used in philosophical or psychological discussions.
• уродливая правда (urodliwaya pravda) - An ugly truth; implies a harsh or unflattering revelation.
• искаженный образ (iskazhennyy obraz) - A malformed image; common in art or media contexts to describe misrepresentation.

Usage Notes:

'Искаженный' is a more neutral and formal equivalent to 'malformed', often used in professional or scientific settings, while 'уродливый' carries a negative emotional tone and is better for informal conversations. English speakers should note that Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, which has no direct parallel in English. Choose 'искаженный' for precise, technical descriptions and 'уродливый' for expressive or critical ones. Be cautious with context to avoid unintended offense, as 'уродливый' can sound judgmental.

Common Errors:

• Using 'искаженный' without proper inflection: Error - "Я вижу искаженный статуя" (incorrect case agreement); Correct - "Я вижу искаженную статую" (feminine accusative). Explanation: Russian requires adjectives to match the noun's case, so always check the noun's form first.
• Confusing with synonyms: Error - Using 'изуродованный' interchangeably with 'искаженный', which implies violence; Correct - Opt for 'искаженный' in non-violent contexts. Explanation: This can alter the connotation, making the statement more intense than intended.
• Overusing in formal writing: Error - "Эта уродливая идея" in a professional report; Correct - "Эта искаженная идея". Explanation: 'Уродливый' is too informal for academic or business language, potentially undermining credibility.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'уродливый' can evoke strong aesthetic judgments, influenced by historical art and literature (e.g., in Dostoevsky's works, physical malformations often symbolize deeper moral flaws). This reflects a broader Slavic tradition of linking external appearance to internal character, which may differ from Western views emphasizing individual acceptance.

Related Concepts:

• деформация (deformatsiya)
• аномалия (anomalia)
• изъян (iz'yan)