Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'lurch'

English Word: lurch

Key Russian Translations:

• Рывок [ˈrɨvək] - [Informal, often used for sudden, jerky movements]
• Качка [ˈkatʃkə] - [Formal, typically in nautical or vehicular contexts]
• Шатание [ʂəˈtanʲije] - [Neutral, for unsteady swaying or instability]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday language, especially in descriptions of motion, but not as frequent as basic verbs like "идти")

Difficulty: B1 Intermediate (Requires understanding of noun inflections and contextual usage; for "Рывок", it's straightforward, but "Качка" may vary by context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Рывок: [ˈrɨvək]

Качка: [ˈkatʃkə]

Шатание: [ʂəˈtanʲije]

Note on Рывок: The stress is on the first syllable; the "ы" sound can be challenging for English speakers as it's a back unrounded vowel. For Качка, the "ч" is a voiceless palatal fricative, similar to the "ch" in "loch".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Sudden unsteady movement (Noun, e.g., a jerk or sway)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Рывок - Used in informal contexts for a quick, abrupt motion, such as in vehicles or physical actions.
• Качка - Applied in formal or technical settings, like ships or earthquakes, to describe ongoing instability.
• Шатание - Neutral for general unsteadiness, often in descriptions of walking or balance issues.

Usage Examples:

• Внезапный рывок машины напугал пассажиров.

  The sudden lurch of the car frightened the passengers.

• Качка на корабле во время шторма вызвала тошноту.

  The lurch on the ship during the storm caused nausea.

• Его шатание на улице указывало на усталость.

  His lurch on the street indicated fatigue.

• Ребёнок сделал рывок, чтобы схватить мяч.

  The child made a lurch to grab the ball.

2. To move suddenly and unsteadily (Verb, e.g., to lurch forward)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Рывок (as in making a sudden move) - Informal, in action-oriented contexts.
• Шатнуться (verb form) - For momentary instability, like losing balance.

Usage Examples:

• Человек шатнулся от удара ветра.

  The person lurched from the wind's blow.

• Автомобиль рванул вперёд на зелёный свет.

  The car lurched forward on the green light.

• Она шатнулась, но удержала равновесие.

  She lurched but managed to keep her balance.

• Лодка рванула в волнах реки.

  The boat lurched in the river waves.

• Рывок в разговоре прервал тишину.

  The lurch in conversation broke the silence (metaphorical use).

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Рывок" is a masculine noun of the second declension with regular inflections. "Качка" is a feminine noun of the first declension, and "Шатание" is a neuter noun of the second declension. Below is a table for their key inflections:

For verbs like "шатнуться", it is irregular in aspect (perfective: шатнуться; imperfective: шататься) and conjugates based on person and tense, e.g., я шатнусь (I will lurch).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: Толчок (jolt), Крен (tilt, especially nautical), Вздрог (jerk)
• Antonyms: Стабильность (stability), Ровность (smoothness) - Толчок is similar to рывок but implies a shorter impact; use крен for more precise nautical contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Внезапный рывок - Sudden lurch (Used for unexpected movements in vehicles or actions).
• Качка на море - Sea lurch (Common in maritime descriptions, implying discomfort).
• Шатание равновесия - Lurch of balance (Metaphorical for instability in situations or emotions).

Usage Notes:

"Lurch" often corresponds to "рывок" in informal English-Russian translations for sudden motions, but choose "качка" for formal or technical contexts like shipping. Be mindful of aspect in verbs; for example, "шатнуться" is perfective and implies a completed action, while "шататься" is imperfective for ongoing unsteadiness. In Russian, these words are more context-dependent than in English, so consider the setting (e.g., avoid "рывок" in formal writing). When multiple translations exist, select based on nuance: "рывок" for energy, "качка" for rhythm.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "рывок" interchangeably with "качка" without context. Correct: "Рывок" for a single jerk (e.g., "The car lurched"), while "качка" for repeated motion (e.g., "The ship lurched"). Example of error: *Качка машины* (incorrect for a single event); Correct: Рывок машины.

• Error: Misinflecting nouns, e.g., saying "рывокa" in nominative case. Correct: Use proper declension as shown in the table above to match sentence structure.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "качка" often evoke imagery from literature and folklore, such as in naval stories by authors like Tolstoy, where ship lurches symbolize life's uncertainties. "Рывок" might appear in modern contexts like sports or urban life, reflecting Russia's vast landscapes and transportation challenges, but it lacks deep historical connotations.

Related Concepts:

• Толчок
• Крен
• Вздрог
• Стабильность