Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'lunge'

English Word: lunge

Key Russian Translations:

• выпад [ˈvɨpat] - [Formal, used in sports like fencing]
• рывок [ˈrɨvək] - [Informal, used in everyday contexts for a sudden movement]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in athletic and descriptive contexts, but not in daily casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires basic understanding of Russian noun declensions and contexts)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выпад: [ˈvɨpat]

рывок: [ˈrɨvək]

Note on выпад: The stress is on the first syllable; be careful with the vowel sounds, as 'ы' is a distinct Russian sound not found in English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A sudden forward thrust or dive, often in fencing or physical activities.

Translation(s) & Context:

• выпад - Used in formal or sports-related contexts, such as martial arts or fencing, to describe a quick, directed movement.
• рывок - Applied in informal settings, like describing a sudden dash in running or everyday actions.

Usage Examples:

• В фехтовании он сделал точный выпад, чтобы обезоружить противника.

  In fencing, he made a precise lunge to disarm his opponent.

• Атлет выполнил рывок вперёд, чтобы обогнать конкурентов.

  The athlete performed a lunge forward to overtake the competitors.

• Во время тренировки она практиковала выпады с мечом для улучшения координации.

  During training, she practiced lunges with a sword to improve coordination.

• Собака сделала внезапный рывок к мячу, удивляя хозяина.

  The dog made a sudden lunge for the ball, surprising its owner.

• В драке он использовал выпад, чтобы защитить себя от нападения.

  In the fight, he used a lunge to defend himself from the attack.

2. A metaphorical or extended sense, such as a bold advance in conversation or strategy.

Translation(s) & Context:

• рывок - In metaphorical contexts, like business or discussions, to indicate a proactive move.

Usage Examples:

• В переговорах он сделал рывок, предложив неожиданное решение.

  In negotiations, he made a lunge by proposing an unexpected solution.

• Её аргумент был как выпад в споре, который перевернул ситуацию.

  Her argument was like a lunge in the debate, which turned the situation around.

• Команда сделала рывок в развитии проекта, чтобы успеть к сроку.

  The team made a lunge in the project development to meet the deadline.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "выпад" and "рывок" are masculine nouns in Russian, which follow standard first-declension patterns with some irregularities. They decline based on case, number, and gender.

Note: These nouns do not have irregular forms, but pay attention to the soft sign in "выпад" which affects pronunciation in certain cases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: удар (udar) - a general strike or hit; прыжок (pryzhok) - a jump, often used interchangeably in athletic contexts. Note: "прыжок" implies more vertical movement.
• Antonyms: отступление (otstuplenie) - retreat or withdrawal; оборона (oborona) - defense, contrasting the aggressive nature of a lunge.

Related Phrases:

• Сделать выпад - To make a lunge (used in combat or sports; implies a strategic move).
• Внезапный рывок - Sudden lunge (common in descriptions of quick actions, e.g., in wildlife or emergencies).
• Фехтовальный выпад - Fencing lunge (specific to martial arts, emphasizing technique).

Usage Notes:

"Выпад" is the more precise translation for "lunge" in formal or technical contexts like fencing, while "рывок" is better for everyday or metaphorical uses. English speakers should note that Russian nouns require declension based on sentence structure, so always adjust for case (e.g., use genitive after prepositions like "of"). In informal speech, "рывок" might be preferred for its versatility, but avoid it in professional settings where "выпад" sounds more polished. Multiple translations exist due to contextual nuances, so choose based on the activity described.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "выпад" without proper declension, e.g., saying "Я видел выпад" instead of "Я видел выпад" (which is correct in nominative, but wrong in other cases like "Я видел выпада"). Correct: In genitive, say "Я видел выпада от фехтовальщика." Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so beginners often forget to change endings.

• Error: Confusing "рывок" with "прыжок," leading to misuse in contexts, e.g., saying "Он сделал рывок в воздух" when "прыжок" is more accurate for jumping. Correct: Use "рывок" for horizontal lunges. Explanation: These words have subtle differences in direction and intent, which can alter the sentence's meaning.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "выпад" are often associated with historical fencing traditions, influenced by European influences like French dueling practices. It symbolizes quick thinking and agility, frequently appearing in literature such as Tolstoy's works, where it represents personal courage or conflict resolution.

Related Concepts:

• Фехтование (fencing)
• Удар (strike)
• Прыжок (jump)
• Оборона (defense)