Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'lattice'

English Word: lattice

Key Russian Translations:

• решётка [rʲɪˈʂɛtkə] - [Common, Informal; used for everyday structures like fences or grids]
• кристаллическая решётка [krʲɪstalʲlʲɪˈtɕɪskəjə rʲɪˈʂɛtkə] - [Formal, Technical; used in scientific or mathematical contexts]

Frequency: Medium - The word 'решётка' is commonly encountered in daily language, while 'кристаллическая решётка' is more specialized in scientific fields.

Difficulty: B1 for 'решётка' (Intermediate, as it involves basic noun declensions); C1 for 'кристаллическая решётка' (Advanced, due to compound forms and technical vocabulary).

Pronunciation (Russian):

решётка: [rʲɪˈʂɛtkə]

кристаллическая решётка: [krʲɪstalʲlʲɪˈtɕɪskəjə rʲɪˈʂɛtkə]

Note on решётка: The 'ш' sound (as in [ʂ]) can be challenging for English speakers; it's a voiceless retroflex fricative, similar to 'sh' but with the tongue curled back. Stress is on the second syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A structure of crossed wooden or metal strips (e.g., for fences, windows, or decorative purposes).

Translation(s) & Context:

• решётка - Used in everyday contexts for physical structures, such as garden fences or window grills; informal and versatile in spoken Russian.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: В нашем саду установлена прочная металлическая решётка для защиты от ветра.

  English: In our garden, a sturdy metal lattice is installed to protect against the wind.

• Русский: Решётка на окне была украшена цветами, делая дом уютнее.

  English: The lattice on the window was decorated with flowers, making the house cozier.

• Русский: Дети любят играть у старой деревянной решётки в парке.

  English: Children love playing near the old wooden lattice in the park.

• Русский: Эта решётка служит не только украшением, но и барьером.

  English: This lattice serves not only as decoration but also as a barrier.

2. A framework or grid in scientific contexts (e.g., crystal lattice in physics or mathematics).

Translation(s) & Context:

• кристаллическая решётка - Used in formal, academic, or technical settings, such as in chemistry or crystallography; precise and context-specific.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: В кристаллах алмаза атомы организованы в регулярную кристаллическую решётку.

  English: In diamond crystals, atoms are organized into a regular crystal lattice.

• Русский: Учёные изучают, как деформация влияет на кристаллическую решётку металлов.

  English: Scientists study how deformation affects the crystal lattice of metals.

• Русский: Математическая модель включает описание решётки в пространстве.

  English: The mathematical model includes a description of the lattice in space.

• Русский: Кристаллическая решётка в соли натрия хлорида имеет кубическую структуру.

  English: The crystal lattice in sodium chloride salt has a cubic structure.

• Русский: Изменения в кристаллической решётке могут привести к новым материалам.

  English: Changes in the crystal lattice can lead to new materials.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'решётка' is a feminine noun (3rd declension in Russian). It follows standard noun inflection patterns with changes based on case and number. 'кристаллическая решётка' is a compound phrase where 'решётка' inflects, while 'кристаллическая' (an adjective) agrees with it.

For 'кристаллическая решётка', the adjective 'кристаллическая' changes to agree: e.g., Genitive Singular: кристаллической решётки. This noun does not have irregular forms but requires attention to adjective agreement.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сетка (setka) - More general for nets or meshes; often used interchangeably in non-technical contexts.
  • каркас (karkas) - Emphasizes the framework aspect, especially in engineering.
• Antonyms:
  • сплошной (sploshnoy) - Meaning 'solid' or 'continuous', as opposed to a grid structure.
  • бесформенный (besformennyy) - Meaning 'formless' or 'amorphous', contrasting with structured lattices.

Related Phrases:

• Металлическая решётка - A metal lattice; used for industrial or architectural purposes.
• Декоративная решётка - A decorative lattice; common in home design for aesthetic appeal.
• Кристаллическая решётка в физике - Crystal lattice in physics; refers to atomic arrangements in solids.

Usage Notes:

The English word 'lattice' translates to 'решётка' for everyday physical structures and 'кристаллическая решётка' for scientific contexts. Choose 'решётка' in informal settings like describing a garden fence, but opt for the full phrase in technical writing to ensure precision. Note that Russian nouns like 'решётка' must agree in case, number, and gender with other elements in the sentence, which can differ from English's more flexible structure. For example, in questions or descriptions, use the appropriate case (e.g., Dative for direction: "к решётке").

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'решётка' without proper declension, e.g., saying "я вижу решётка" instead of "я вижу решётку" (Accusative for direct object).

  Correct: "Я вижу решётку." Explanation: Russian requires case agreement; learners often overlook this, leading to grammatically incorrect sentences.

• Error: Confusing 'решётка' with 'сетка' in technical contexts, e.g., using 'сетка' for a crystal structure.

  Correct: Use 'кристаллическая решётка' for precision. Explanation: 'Сетка' implies a looser net, while 'решётка' denotes a rigid grid; mixing them can cause misunderstandings in scientific discussions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'решётка' often appears in traditional architecture, such as the ornate iron lattices on windows in historic buildings in Moscow or St. Petersburg. These symbolize protection and beauty, reflecting Russia's emphasis on blending functionality with artistry in design, influenced by Byzantine and European styles.

Related Concepts:

• сетка
• структура
• кристалл