Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'laborious'

English Word: laborious

Key Russian Translations:

• трудный [ˈtrudnɨj] - [Formal, commonly used in educational or professional contexts]
• утомительный [ʊtəmʲɪˈtʲelʲnɨj] - [Informal, often in everyday conversations about tiring activities]
• трудоемкий [trʊdɐˈjɛmkʲɪj] - [Formal, technical or specialized contexts like business or science]

Frequency: Medium - This word and its translations are encountered regularly in written and spoken Russian, but not as frequently as basic adjectives like "хороший" (good).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) - Learners at this level should grasp the concept, but mastering nuances and inflections may require practice. For "трудный" and "утомительный", the difficulty is B2; "трудоемкий" might edge towards C1 due to its more formal usage.

Pronunciation (Russian):

трудный: [ˈtrudnɨj]

Note on трудный: The stress falls on the first syllable ("trud-"), and the "ы" sound is a soft, back vowel common in Russian; be careful not to confuse it with "и".

утомительный: [ʊtəmʲɪˈtʲelʲnɨj]

Note on утомительный: Palatalization is key here; the "т" in "томи" is softened, which is a common Russian pronunciation challenge for English speakers.

трудоемкий: [trʊdɐˈjɛmkʲɪj]

Note on трудоемкий: This word has a rolling "r" and varying vowel reductions, typical in fast speech; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Requiring a great deal of effort, work, or time; often describing tasks or processes that are tedious and demanding.

Translation(s) & Context:

• трудный - Used in formal contexts, such as describing challenging academic or professional tasks; implies intellectual or physical difficulty.
• утомительный - Applied in informal settings, like everyday conversations about exhausting daily routines; emphasizes fatigue over complexity.
• трудоемкий - Employed in technical or business contexts, highlighting resource-intensive processes; often in written reports or analyses.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Эта задача была очень трудной, но мы справились.

  English translation: This task was very laborious, but we managed it. (Context: Formal work setting, emphasizing overall difficulty.)

• Русский пример: Уборка дома в выходные всегда утомительная.

  English translation: House cleaning on weekends is always laborious. (Context: Informal daily life, showing physical exhaustion.)

• Русский пример: Проект оказался трудоемким из-за множества деталей.

  English translation: The project turned out to be laborious due to numerous details. (Context: Professional or technical scenario, focusing on effort required.)

• Русский пример: Путешествие через горы было трудным, но запоминающимся.

  English translation: The journey through the mountains was laborious but memorable. (Context: Narrative or adventurous use, combining physical and mental effort.)

• Русский пример: Ежедневные тренировки становятся утомительными после нескольких недель.

  English translation: Daily workouts become laborious after a few weeks. (Context: Informal health or fitness routine, illustrating repetitive strain.)

Meaning: Involving meticulous or painstaking work, often with a sense of slowness.

Translation(s) & Context:

• трудный - In contexts like craftsmanship or detailed work, where precision is key.
• трудоемкий - Especially in scientific or artistic endeavors requiring sustained attention.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Перевод этого текста был трудным процессом из-за сложной терминологии.

  English translation: Translating this text was a laborious process due to the complex terminology. (Context: Intellectual work, highlighting detail-oriented effort.)

• Русский пример: Реставрация картины требовала трудоемкого подхода.

  English translation: Restoring the painting required a laborious approach. (Context: Artistic or historical preservation, emphasizing time investment.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations ("трудный", "утомительный", "трудоемкий") are adjectives in Russian, which inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives agree with the nouns they modify and follow standard patterns, though "трудоемкий" is less common and follows regular rules.

These adjectives follow the standard hard-stem pattern. Note that they do not change in short form (e.g., "труден" for short masculine), which is less common in modern usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сложный (slozhnyj) - More general for complexity, often interchangeable in abstract contexts.
  • тяжелый (tyazhelyj) - Emphasizes physical weight or burden, with a slight nuance of oppression.
  • изнурительный (iznutritel'nyj) - Similar to утомительный, but implies extreme exhaustion.
• Antonyms:
  • легкий (legkij) - Easy or light, directly opposite in effort required.
  • простой (prostoj) - Simple, lacking complexity.

Related Phrases:

• трудный путь - A difficult path; used metaphorically for life's challenges. (Implies a journey requiring perseverance.)
• утомительный день - A tiring day; common in daily conversations about fatigue. (Often refers to long workdays.)
• трудоемкий процесс - A labor-intensive process; typical in business or technical discussions. (Highlights efficiency concerns.)

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "трудный" directly corresponds to the formal sense of "laborious" and is preferred in written or professional English-to-Russian translations. "Утомительный" is better for informal, everyday contexts where emotional or physical tiredness is emphasized. Choose "трудоемкий" for technical scenarios to convey resource demands. Be mindful of adjective agreement with nouns in gender, number, and case, as Russian requires this for grammatical accuracy. For example, avoid using a masculine form with a feminine noun, which is a common pitfall for English learners.

Common Errors:

• English speakers often confuse "трудный" with "труд" (work), leading to incorrect usage like saying "труд задание" instead of "трудное задание". Correct: Use the full adjective form to modify nouns properly.
• Another error is overusing "утомительный" in formal contexts; for instance, saying "утомительный проект" in a business report when "трудоемкий проект" is more appropriate. Explanation: "Утомительный" sounds too casual and emotional for professional settings.
• Misplacing stress in pronunciation, such as stressing the wrong syllable in "трудный", which can alter perceived meaning or sound unnatural.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "трудный" often reflect the historical emphasis on hard work and perseverance, stemming from Soviet-era ideals of labor. For example, in literature and media, laborious tasks are portrayed as noble, influencing how Russians discuss challenges in personal and professional life.

Related Concepts:

• труд (trud) - Work or labor
• усилия (usiliya) - Efforts
• трудности (trudnosti) - Difficulties