Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'jut'

English Word: jut

Key Russian Translations:

• выступать [vɨˈstupətʲ] - [Verb, Formal, can be used in descriptive contexts]
• торчать [ˈtorʲtɕɪ] - [Verb, Informal, often used for everyday objects]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are not commonly used in daily conversation but appear in descriptive or literary contexts.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and context-specific usage for 'выступать', while 'торчать' is slightly easier due to its simplicity.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выступать: [vɨˈstupətʲ]

Note on выступать: The stress falls on the second syllable ('stu'), which is a common feature in Russian verbs. Be mindful of the soft 't' sound.

Audio: []

торчать: [ˈtorʲtɕɪ]

Note on торчать: The 'ч' sound is palatalized, similar to the 'ch' in 'church', and it's typically stressed on the first syllable. This word is more colloquial and less formal.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To stick out or protrude (the primary meaning of 'jut')

Translation(s) & Context:

• выступать - Used in formal or descriptive contexts, such as architecture or geography, to indicate something extending outward.
• торчать - Applied in informal, everyday situations, like describing objects that stick out awkwardly.

Usage Examples:

• Выступает скала над рекой, создавая опасный обрыв.

  A rock juts out over the river, creating a dangerous cliff.

• Его локоть торчит из манжеты рубашки, делая вид неопрятным.

  His elbow is jutting out from his shirt cuff, making him look unkempt.

• В старом здании выступают украшения из камня, подчеркивая его историческое значение.

  Ornaments jut out from the old building's stonework, highlighting its historical significance.

• Дерево торчит посреди поля, как страж.

  The tree is jutting out in the middle of the field, like a sentinel.

• Металлический прут выступает из стены, требуя осторожности.

  A metal rod juts out from the wall, requiring caution.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'выступать' (a verb of the first conjugation), it follows regular patterns but can be imperfective. It is often used in its imperfective form to describe ongoing actions. Below is a conjugation table for the present tense:

Note: It has an aspectual pair 'выступить' (perfective). The word is invariable in terms of gender but changes with tense and aspect.

For 'торчать' (also a verb, informal and intransitive), it is less complex and does not change as dramatically. It is typically used in the present tense without much inflection:

This verb is invariant in most contexts and does not have extensive forms like 'выступать'.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • выдвигаться - Similar to 'jut' but implies more movement; used for objects that extend outward dynamically.
  • протягиваться - Often used for longer extensions, like a road jutting into the horizon.
• Antonyms:
  • скрываться - Means to hide or recede, opposite of protruding.
  • вдаваться - Implies sinking in or indenting.

Related Phrases:

• Выступать вперед - Jutting forward; used to describe advancing or protruding in a forward direction. (Common in motivational or spatial contexts.)
• Торчать как палка - Sticking out like a stick; an informal idiom for something awkwardly protruding. (Often used humorously.)
• Выступ каменной стены - Jut of a stone wall; a phrase for architectural features. (Helpful in descriptive writing.)

Usage Notes:

'Jut' corresponds most closely to 'выступать' in formal English-Russian translation, especially for static or descriptive uses, while 'торчать' is better for informal, everyday scenarios. Always consider the context: use 'выступать' in written or professional settings, and 'торчать' in casual speech. Grammatically, both are verbs that require agreement with subject number and person. When choosing between translations, opt for 'торчать' if the tone is lighthearted, as it can sound more vivid and colloquial.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'выступать' in informal contexts where 'торчать' is more natural, e.g., saying "Его волосы выступают" instead of "Его волосы торчат" for "His hair is jutting out." Correct: "Его волосы торчат" – Explanation: 'Выступать' sounds overly formal and may not convey the same casual emphasis.
• Mistake: Forgetting verb conjugation, e.g., using "выступает" incorrectly with plural subjects. Correct: Use "выступают" for plural; Explanation: Russian verbs must agree in number, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian literature, such as in works by Tolstoy or Chekhov, words like 'выступать' are often used to describe natural landscapes or human emotions metaphorically (e.g., a character's chin jutting out to show defiance). This reflects Russia's vast geography, where protruding features like mountains or cliffs are common motifs, symbolizing resilience or isolation in cultural narratives.

Related Concepts:

• протянуть
• выдвинуть
• скала (rock, often associated with jutting formations)