Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'juror'

English Word: juror

Key Russian Translations:

• присяжный /prʲɪˈsʲæʐnɨj/ - [Formal, Legal Context]
• заседатель /zəsʲɪˈdʲatʲɪlʲ/ - [Formal, Often Used in Court Proceedings]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal and formal discussions but not in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves legal terminology; for 'присяжный', it may be B2 due to inflection patterns)

Pronunciation (Russian):

присяжный: /prʲɪˈsʲæʐnɨj/

заседатель: /zəsʲɪˈdʲatʲɪlʲ/

Note on присяжный: The stress is on the second syllable; be cautious with the palatalized 'r' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers.

Note on заседатель: This word has a soft 't' sound; practice the vowel reductions in unstressed syllables for natural pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A person who serves on a jury in a legal trial

Translation(s) & Context:

• присяжный - Used in formal legal contexts, such as court trials, to refer to a sworn juror.
• заседатель - Applied in broader judicial settings, often implying a participant in deliberations.

Usage Examples:

• В суде присяжный выносит вердикт на основе доказательств.

  In court, the juror delivers a verdict based on the evidence.

• Каждый заседатель должен быть беспристрастным во время процесса.

  Every juror must remain impartial during the trial.

• Присяжный в американской системе часто выбирается из случайных граждан.

  A juror in the American system is often selected from random citizens.

• Заседатель обязан соблюдать тайну совещания присяжных.

  The juror is required to maintain the secrecy of the jury's deliberations.

• В российском суде присяжный может повлиять на исход дела.

  In a Russian court, a juror can influence the outcome of the case.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Присяжный' is an adjective and inflects based on gender, number, and case in Russian grammar. 'Заседатель' is a noun and follows the standard second declension pattern for masculine nouns.

Note: 'Присяжный' changes endings to agree with the noun it modifies, while 'заседатель' is relatively regular but requires attention to case for proper sentence structure.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • жюри член (zhuryi chlen) - Less formal, direct equivalent in some contexts.
  • присяжные заседатели (prisjazhnye zasedateli) - A compound term for a group of jurors; implies collectivity.
• Antonyms:
  • судья (sud'ya) - Judge; represents an authority figure rather than a peer juror.

Note: 'Жюри член' is a borrowing from English/French and is used in modern contexts, but 'присяжный' is more traditional in Russian legal language.

Related Phrases:

• Присяжные заседатели - A group of jurors; used in formal court descriptions. (Refers to the collective body in a trial.)
• Заседатель присяжных - Juror in a jury; common in legal proceedings. (Emphasizes the role within a jury system.)
• Выбор присяжных - Jury selection; a key phrase in trial preparation. (Describes the process of choosing jurors.)

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'присяжный' directly corresponds to 'juror' in legal contexts but is often used as part of a phrase like 'присяжный заседатель' for clarity. It's typically formal and restricted to judicial settings, unlike in English where 'juror' might appear in casual discussions. When choosing between 'присяжный' and 'заседатель', opt for the former in systems modeled after common law (e.g., U.S.-style juries) and the latter in more general Russian legal contexts. Grammatically, ensure adjectives like 'присяжный' agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'присяжный' without proper inflection, e.g., saying "присяжный женщина" (incorrect gender agreement).

  Correct: "присяжная женщина" (feminine form). Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender; this mistake often stems from English speakers treating adjectives as invariable.

• Error: Confusing 'заседатель' with 'судья', leading to phrases like "заседатель выносит приговор" (implying a judge's role).

  Correct: "присяжный выносит вердикт" for a juror's decision. Explanation: 'Заседатель' refers to a participant, not an authoritative figure, so it shouldn't be used interchangeably with terms for judges.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, the jury system ('присяжные заседатели') was introduced in the 19th century as part of judicial reforms but was abolished and later reinstated. It carries historical connotations of democratic participation in justice, differing from the more inquisitorial style of some European systems. Understanding this can help English speakers appreciate why 'juror' terms in Russian emphasize collective decision-making over individual authority.

Related Concepts:

• суд (sud) - Court
• вердикт (verdikt) - Verdict
• процесс (protsess) - Trial