Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'jurisdiction'

English Word: jurisdiction

Key Russian Translations:

• юрисдикция [jʊrʲɪsʲˈdʲikcɨjə] - [Formal, Legal]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal and administrative contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires familiarity with legal terminology and Russian noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

юрисдикция: [jʊrʲɪsʲˈdʲikcɨjə]

Note on юрисдикция: Stress falls on the fourth syllable ("dik"). Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech, with the 'r' sound being rolled in some dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The official power to make legal decisions and judgments

Translation(s) & Context:

• юрисдикция - Used in formal legal contexts, such as court proceedings or international law, to refer to the authority of a government or court over a territory or matter.

Usage Examples:

• Эта юрисдикция распространяется на всю страну и включает вопросы гражданского права.

  This jurisdiction extends to the entire country and includes matters of civil law.

• Суд не имеет юрисдикции над этим делом, так как оно относится к иностранному праву.

  The court does not have jurisdiction over this case, as it pertains to foreign law.

• Международная юрисдикция часто требует согласия всех вовлеченных сторон.

  International jurisdiction often requires the consent of all involved parties.

• В этой юрисдикции приоритет отдается конституционным нормам.

  In this jurisdiction, priority is given to constitutional norms.

• Юрисдикция федерального суда ограничивается определенными типами преступлений.

  The jurisdiction of the federal court is limited to certain types of crimes.

The geographical area over which authority is exercised

Translation(s) & Context:

• юрисдикция - Applied in contexts discussing territorial rights, such as in diplomacy or regional governance.

Usage Examples:

• Границы юрисдикции этого региона были пересмотрены после договора.

  The boundaries of this region's jurisdiction were revised after the treaty.

• Юрисдикция муниципалитета не распространяется за пределы городской черты.

  The municipality's jurisdiction does not extend beyond the city limits.

• В этой юрисдикции действуют особые правила для морских территорий.

  In this jurisdiction, special rules apply to maritime territories.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

юрисдикция is a feminine noun in the first declension group. It follows regular patterns for Russian nouns, with changes based on case and number. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • компетенция (kompetentsiya) - Similar, but often implies specific expertise or authority in a field.
  • власть (vlast') - More general, meaning power or control, but can overlap in legal contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • неподсудность (nepodsudnost') - Refers to the lack of jurisdiction or immunity from legal authority.
  • отсутствие полномочий (otsutstvie polnomochiy) - Meaning absence of powers or jurisdiction.

Related Phrases:

• Международная юрисдикция - International jurisdiction; Refers to the authority of international bodies like the UN.
• Эксклюзивная юрисдикция - Exclusive jurisdiction; Used when one court has sole authority over a matter.
• Подсудность суда - Court's jurisdiction; A common phrase in legal discussions about case eligibility.

Usage Notes:

юрисдикция directly corresponds to the English "jurisdiction" in legal and administrative contexts, but it is primarily used in formal settings such as law, diplomacy, or government documents. Be mindful of its feminine gender in Russian sentences, which affects adjective agreement (e.g., "эта юрисдикция" for "this jurisdiction"). When choosing between synonyms like компетенция, opt for юрисдикция when emphasizing territorial or legal scope. It is rarely used in informal speech, so limit its application to professional or academic contexts.

• In sentences, it often pairs with verbs like "распространяться" (to extend) or "принадлежать" (to belong).
• Avoid confusing it with "юридический" (legal), which is an adjective.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse the genitive case, saying "юрисдикция от" instead of "юрисдикции от" (e.g., "from the jurisdiction"). Correct usage: "от юрисдикции" means "from the jurisdiction." Another error is treating it as a neuter noun, leading to incorrect agreements like "это юрисдикция" instead of "эта юрисдикция." Explanation: Russian nouns have strict gender rules; always use feminine modifiers with юрисдикция to maintain grammatical accuracy.

• Incorrect: Суд имеет юрисдикция над регионом. (Error: Missing case agreement)
• Correct: Суд имеет юрисдикцию над регионом. (Proper accusative form)

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, юрисдикция often reflects historical influences from Western legal traditions, such as those from France or Germany, due to Russia's adoption of codified law in the 19th century. It underscores the importance of federalism in modern Russia, where regional jurisdictions (e.g., in the Russian Federation) play a key role in balancing central and local powers, highlighting themes of autonomy and state control.

Related Concepts:

• законность (zakonnost') - Legality
• полномочия (polnomochiya) - Powers or authorities
• судебная система (sudebnaya sistema) - Judicial system