Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'jump'

English Word: jump

Key Russian Translations:

• прыгать [/prɨˈɡatʲ/] - [Informal, Verb]
• прыжок [/ˈprɨʐək/] - [Noun]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are commonly used in everyday conversation, literature, and sports contexts, but not as basic as core vocabulary like "to go").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; involves understanding verb conjugations and noun declensions, which may vary in complexity for learners. For 'прыгать' as a verb: B1; for 'прыжок' as a noun: A2 due to simpler declension patterns.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

прыгать: /prɨˈɡatʲ/

Note on прыгать: The 'г' is a voiced velar fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers as it's similar to the 'g' in "go" but softer. Stress falls on the second syllable.

прыжок: /ˈprɨʐək/

Note on прыжок: The 'ж' is a voiced palatal fricative, akin to the 's' in "measure." Stress is on the first syllable, and the word may soften in casual speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

As a verb (to propel oneself off the ground)

Translation(s) & Context:

• прыгать - Used in informal, everyday situations, such as physical activities or metaphorical expressions (e.g., in excitement).

Usage Examples:

• Дети прыгают на батуте в парке.

  The children are jumping on the trampoline in the park. (This example shows the verb in a present tense, recreational context.)

• Он прыгает через препятствия во время бега.

  He jumps over obstacles during the run. (Illustrates use in a sports or athletic setting, with direct action.)

• Мы прыгаем от радости, услышав хорошие новости.

  We jump for joy upon hearing good news. (Demonstrates metaphorical use in emotional contexts.)

• Кот прыгает на стол, чтобы поймать мяч.

  The cat jumps onto the table to catch the ball. (Shows the verb with directional movement in a simple sentence.)

As a noun (an act of jumping)

Translation(s) & Context:

• прыжок - Typically used in formal or descriptive contexts, such as sports, physics, or narratives (e.g., a leap in dance or athletics).

Usage Examples:

• Его прыжок в длину был рекордным на соревнованиях.

  His long jump was a record at the competition. (This highlights the noun in a competitive sports context.)

• Прыжок с парашютом требует смелости и подготовки.

  Skydiving requires courage and preparation. (Example in an adventurous or extreme activity setting.)

• В танце важны точные прыжки и повороты.

  In dance, precise jumps and turns are essential. (Shows the noun in an artistic or performative context.)

• Первый прыжок ребенка – это всегда волнующий момент.

  A child's first jump is always an exciting moment. (Illustrates use in everyday developmental contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'прыгать' (verb, imperfective aspect): This is an imperfective verb that follows the first conjugation pattern. It is irregular in some forms due to palatalization. Below is a table of key inflections:

Note: The perfective counterpart is 'прыгнуть', which has similar but distinct inflections (e.g., прыгну in future).

For 'прыжок' (noun, masculine, 2nd declension): This noun declines regularly. It is invariant in the nominative singular but changes in other cases:

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: скакать (to hop or gallop, often for animals or quick jumps), прыгнуть (to jump suddenly, perfective aspect) - скакать implies a more rhythmic or animal-like motion.
• Antonyms: падать (to fall) - Used in contexts of descending versus ascending motion.

Related Phrases:

• Прыгнуть в воду - To jump into the water (Common in swimming or diving contexts; implies a sudden plunge).
• Двойной прыжок - Double jump (Used in sports like gymnastics; refers to a sequential leap).
• Прыжок веры - Leap of faith (A metaphorical phrase for taking a risk based on belief, often in philosophical discussions).

Usage Notes:

'Прыгать' is the imperfective form, ideal for ongoing actions, while 'прыгнуть' is perfective for completed ones—choose based on aspect for accurate Russian expression. 'Прыжок' as a noun is neutral and fits formal writing, but in casual speech, speakers might prefer descriptive phrases. Be mindful of context: in sports, it's literal; in idioms, it's figurative. English "jump" can correspond to multiple Russian verbs, so select based on formality and aspect to avoid awkwardness.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'прыгать' interchangeably with 'прыгнуть' without considering aspect. Incorrect: "Я прыгать завтра" (grammatically wrong). Correct: "Я прыгну завтра" (for a future completed action). Explanation: Russian verbs require aspect agreement; mix-ups lead to tense confusion.
• Mistake: Forgetting declension in sentences, e.g., saying "в прыжок" instead of "в прыжке". Correct: "Во время прыжке" should be "Во время прыжка". Explanation: Nouns like 'прыжок' must agree in case, which English speakers often overlook due to English's lack of declensions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, jumping motifs appear in folklore, such as in fairy tales where characters like Ivan the Fool perform heroic jumps. The phrase "прыжок веры" echoes Western concepts but is adapted in Russian literature to symbolize resilience, as seen in works by authors like Tolstoy, emphasizing physical and metaphorical leaps in the face of adversity.

Related Concepts:

• Бег (running)
• Падение (falling)
• Акробатика (acrobatics)