Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'jugulate'

English Word: jugulate

Key Russian Translations:

• перерезать [/pʲɪrʲɪˈrʲezətʲ/] - [Formal, used in contexts of violence, surgery, or literal cutting]
• зарезать [/zərʲɪˈzʲetʲ/] - [Informal, often in colloquial or historical contexts, such as slaughtering animals]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are rare in everyday Russian, typically appearing in medical, literary, or historical texts)

Difficulty: Advanced (C1 level; requires familiarity with irregular verbs and specific contextual usage in Russian, with variations in formality and nuance)

Pronunciation (Russian):

перерезать: /pʲɪrʲɪˈrʲezətʲ/

Note on перерезать: This verb has a soft 'р' sound that can be challenging for non-native speakers; stress falls on the third syllable, and it may vary slightly in fast speech.

зарезать: /zərʲɪˈzʲetʲ/

Note on зарезать: The initial 'з' is pronounced as a voiced fricative; be cautious of regional variations in Siberia where it might sound more aspirated.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To cut the throat of someone or something (literal, violent context).

Translation(s) & Context:

• перерезать - Used in formal or medical descriptions, such as in literature or surgical procedures, to denote a precise, violent act.
• зарезать - Applied in informal, everyday or historical narratives, often implying slaughter or quick dispatch, like in folktales or animal husbandry.

Usage Examples:

• Враги перерезали ему горло в темноте леса.

  The enemies jugulated him in the dark forest. (This example shows the verb in a past tense narrative, emphasizing a sudden, violent action.)

• В хирургической операции врач перерезал артерию, чтобы остановить кровоток.

  In the surgical operation, the doctor jugulated the artery to stop the blood flow. (Illustrates medical usage with precise, formal language.)

• Фермер зарезал корову на заклание для праздника.

  The farmer jugulated the cow for slaughter during the festival. (Demonstrates informal, cultural context in rural settings.)

• В старой легенде герой зарезал дракона одним ударом.

  In the old legend, the hero jugulated the dragon with a single strike. (Shows the verb in a mythical or storytelling context, highlighting dramatic effect.)

To suppress or check suddenly (e.g., a disease, in medical contexts).

Translation(s) & Context:

• перерезать - Metaphorically used for interrupting or halting processes, but less common; prefer in professional medical jargon.
• подавить (as an alternative) - [/pədəˈvʲitʲ/] - For broader suppression, in contexts like controlling an outbreak.

Usage Examples:

• Врач смог перерезать распространение инфекции своевременным вмешательством.

  The doctor was able to jugulate the spread of the infection with timely intervention. (This highlights metaphorical usage in healthcare.)

• Подавить болезнь на ранней стадии — это как перерезать её корни.

  Suppressing the disease at an early stage is like jugulating its roots. (Shows idiomatic extension with comparison.)

• Армия попыталась подавить восстание, но не смогла перерезать его в зародыше.

  The army tried to jugulate the rebellion but failed to suppress it at the outset. (Illustrates mixed usage in historical or military contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, which follow Russian conjugation patterns. Russian verbs are conjugated based on tense, aspect, mood, and person. "Перерезать" and "зарезать" are imperfective verbs in the first conjugation group, meaning they can have imperfective and perfective forms. They are irregular in some aspects due to vowel changes.

Note: These verbs do not change for gender in the infinitive or future forms but follow standard agreement in past tense. They are aspectually paired with perfective forms like "перерезать" (already perfective in some uses).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • задушить (zadushit' – to strangle; similar in violent contexts but implies suffocation)
  • уничтожить (unichtozhit' – to destroy; broader for suppression in medical senses)
• Antonyms:
  • спасти (spasti – to save; directly opposes suppression or destruction)
  • вылечить (vylechit' – to cure; for medical contexts)

Related Phrases:

• Перерезать горло - To cut the throat; often used in dramatic or crime-related contexts. (Literal translation and common idiom for betrayal or execution.)
• Зарезать как lamb - To slaughter like a lamb; implies innocence and sudden demise, from literary or biblical references.
• Подавить в зародыше - To nip in the bud; a phrase for suppressing something early, extending the medical meaning.

Usage Notes:

"Jugulate" corresponds most closely to "перерезать" in literal, violent scenarios, but in medical contexts, Russian speakers might prefer "подавить" for a more accurate fit. Be mindful of formality: "зарезать" is informal and could sound crude in professional settings. Always consider the aspect (imperfective vs. perfective) in Russian sentences, as it affects nuance—e.g., use perfective for completed actions. When choosing between translations, opt for "перерезать" in precise, technical writing and "зарезать" in narrative or everyday stories.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Confusing "перерезать" with "зарезать" and using the latter in formal medical texts. Correct: Use "перерезать" for surgical precision; e.g., Incorrect: "Врач зарезал инфекцию." Correct: "Врач перерезал распространение инфекции." Explanation: "Зарезать" implies a more brutal, informal act, which can misrepresent the context.
• Mistake: Forgetting verb aspect, such as using the imperfective form where a perfective is needed. Correct: In a completed action, say "перерезал" instead of "перерезает." Explanation: Russian requires aspect to convey whether an action is ongoing or finished, unlike English.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "зарезать" often evoke themes from folklore or historical events, such as in fairy tales where heroes "jugulate" monsters, symbolizing triumph over evil. This can carry a dramatic, almost poetic connotation in literature, reflecting Russia's rich narrative traditions, but avoid using it lightly in modern conversations due to its violent imagery.

Related Concepts:

• удушить
• уничтожить
• спасти