Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'itemise'

English Word: itemise

Key Russian Translations:

• перечислить [pʲɪrʲɪˈt͡ɕɪslʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, used in written or official contexts]
• перечислять [pʲɪrʲɪˈt͡ɕɪslʲjətʲ] - [Informal, ongoing action]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in business, administrative, and everyday listing scenarios, but not as frequent as basic verbs like "сказать").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and formal structures; the word 'перечислить' may be slightly easier, while nuanced uses could reach B2 for non-native speakers).

Pronunciation (Russian):

перечислить: [pʲɪrʲɪˈt͡ɕɪslʲɪtʲ]

перечислять: [pʲɪrʲɪˈt͡ɕɪslʲjətʲ]

Note on перечислить: The stress falls on the third syllable ("-чи-"), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to Russian's mobile stress patterns. Pronounce the 'ч' as a voiceless palatal fricative, similar to 'ch' in "loch" but softer.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary meaning: To list items separately or in detail, often in a formal or structured way.

Translation(s) & Context:

• перечислить - Used in formal contexts, such as financial reports or inventories, to denote a complete listing of items.
• перечислять - Applied in informal or ongoing situations, like describing a process in conversation.

Usage Examples:

• Пожалуйста, перечислите все покупки в отчете.

  Please, itemise all purchases in the report. (Formal context, showing a complete list in a document.)

• В письме я буду перечислять необходимые ингредиенты.

  In the letter, I will itemise the necessary ingredients. (Written communication, emphasizing detailed enumeration.)

• Он перечисляет свои достижения в резюме.

  He itemises his achievements in his resume. (Professional setting, highlighting structured listing.)

• Перечисляя шаги, мы упростим процесс.

  By itemising the steps, we will simplify the process. (Ongoing action in instructional contexts.)

• В разговоре она перечисляет причины своего решения.

  In the conversation, she itemises the reasons for her decision. (Informal dialogue, demonstrating verbal listing.)

Secondary meaning: To break down or specify components in a detailed manner (e.g., in accounting or descriptions).

Translation(s) & Context:

• перечислить - Often used when emphasizing precision, such as in legal or financial documents.

Usage Examples:

• В счете нужно перечислить все налоги отдельно.

  In the invoice, you need to itemise all taxes separately. (Financial context, focusing on detailed breakdown.)

• Перечислите преимущества продукта в презентации.

  Itemise the product's advantages in the presentation. (Business setting, for clear enumeration.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'перечислить' and 'перечислять' are verbs, and Russian verbs follow patterns of conjugation based on aspect (perfective for 'перечислить' and imperfective for 'перечислять'). 'Перечислить' is perfective, used for completed actions, while 'перечислять' is imperfective, for ongoing or repeated actions. They conjugate irregularly in some tenses due to root changes.

These verbs do not change for gender or number in the infinitive form but follow standard patterns in past tense and other forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • указать (ukazat') - More general, meaning 'to indicate'; often used interchangeably in lists.
  • детализировать (detalizirovat') - Emphasizes detailed breakdown, with a slight technical connotation.
• Antonyms:
  • обобщить (obobshchit') - To generalize or summarize, opposite of breaking down into details.
  • сократить (sokratit') - To shorten or abbreviate, contrasting with listing fully.

Related Phrases:

• Перечислить пункты - To itemise points; used in agendas or outlines. (Literal translation: "To list points." Context: Organizational tools.)
• Перечислять расходы - To itemise expenses; common in budgeting. (Literal: "To list expenses." Context: Financial planning.)
• Подробно перечислить - To itemise in detail; implies thoroughness. (Literal: "To list in detail." Context: Reports or explanations.)

Usage Notes:

Russian translations like 'перечислить' directly correspond to 'itemise' in formal English contexts, such as business or academic writing, but they emphasize completion (perfective aspect). Choose 'перечислить' for one-time actions and 'перечислять' for ongoing ones. Be mindful of context: in casual speech, Russians might opt for simpler synonyms to avoid sounding overly formal. Grammatically, these verbs require agreement with the subject in past tense and can take direct objects, e.g., 'перечислить список' (to itemise a list).

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse the perfective and imperfective aspects, e.g., using 'перечислить' for ongoing actions. Incorrect: "Я перечислить каждый день" (wrong aspect). Correct: "Я перечисляю каждый день" (I itemise every day). Explanation: Perfective verbs like 'перечислить' imply a finished action, so use imperfective for routines.

• Misplacing stress in pronunciation, e.g., stressing the wrong syllable in 'перечислить'. This can lead to misunderstandings, as stress changes meaning in Russian. Correct by practicing with native audio.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, detailed itemisation like 'перечислить' is highly valued in bureaucratic and professional settings, reflecting the historical influence of Soviet-era documentation. This can make interactions feel more formal compared to English-speaking cultures, where brevity is often preferred.

Related Concepts:

• список (spisok) - List
• деталь (detal') - Detail
• отчет (otchet) - Report