Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'inviolate'

English Word: inviolate

Key Russian Translations:

• неприкосновенный /nʲɪprʲɪkɐsˈnovʲɪnnyj/ - [Formal, used in legal or official contexts]
• невредимый /nʲɪvˈrʲɛdʲɪmɨj/ - [Informal, often in everyday or descriptive language]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are not commonly used in daily conversation but appear in formal, legal, or literary texts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian adjectives and their inflections, though the core vocabulary is accessible to upper-intermediate learners. For 'неприкосновенный', it may lean towards B2 due to its formal connotations, while 'невредимый' is closer to B1.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

неприкосновенный: /nʲɪprʲɪkɐsˈnovʲɪnnyj/

невредимый: /nʲɪvˈrʲɛdʲɪmɨj/

Note on неприкосновенный: The pronunciation includes a soft 'н' sound at the beginning, which can be challenging for English speakers; practice the palatalization (/nʲ/) as in 'news' in some accents. Variations may occur in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Untouched, unharmed, or kept sacred/inviolate (e.g., in legal, moral, or physical contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• неприкосновенный - Used in formal or legal settings, such as referring to inviolate rights or territories (e.g., in constitutional law).
• невредимый - Applied in everyday contexts for something physically unharmed, like in descriptions of objects or people after an event.

Usage Examples:

• Его неприкосновенность как личности была гарантирована законом.

  His inviolate status as an individual was guaranteed by law.

• После аварии дом остался невредимым, несмотря на сильный удар.

  After the accident, the house remained inviolate, despite the strong impact.

• В этом заповеднике природа остается неприкосновенной для будущих поколений.

  In this reserve, nature remains inviolate for future generations.

• Она вышла из ситуации невредимой, но с новыми уроками.

  She emerged from the situation inviolate but with new lessons learned.

• Правительственные документы должны быть неприкосновенными от несанкционированного доступа.

  Government documents must be kept inviolate from unauthorized access.

Secondary Meaning: Pure or undefiled (e.g., in moral or abstract senses)

Translation(s) & Context:

• неприкосновенный - In philosophical or ethical discussions, emphasizing something pure and untouched.

Usage Examples:

• Ее репутация осталась неприкосновенной, несмотря на скандалы.

  Her reputation remained inviolate despite the scandals.

• В этой культуре традиции передаются как неприкосновенные ценности.

  In this culture, traditions are passed down as inviolate values.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'неприкосновенный' and 'невредимый' are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow regular patterns for most cases, but they can have irregularities in certain forms.

For 'неприкосновенный' (regular adjective):

For 'невредимый' (similarly regular):

Note: These adjectives do not change in short form or predicative use, making them straightforward once the patterns are learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • непокорённый (nepokoryonnyy) - Similar but often implies resistance to conquest.
  • целый (tselyy) - Means intact or whole, with a more general connotation.
• Antonyms:
  • нарушенный (narushennyy) - Violated or broken.
  • повреждённый (povrezhdonnyy) - Damaged or harmed.

Related Phrases:

• неприкосновенность частной жизни (neprikosnovennost' chastnoy zhizni) - Inviolability of private life; a key concept in privacy laws.
• невредимым и невредимым (nevredimym i nevredimym) - Safe and sound; used in expressions of relief after danger.
• сохранить в неприкосновенности (sohranit' v neprikosnovennosti) - To keep inviolate; for preserving something untouched.

Usage Notes:

'Inviolate' corresponds closely to 'неприкосновенный' in formal contexts like law or ethics, where the emphasis is on sanctity or legal protection. Use 'невредимый' for more physical or everyday scenarios. Be mindful of Russian adjective agreement: always match gender, number, and case with the noun (e.g., 'неприкосновенный дом' for a masculine noun). In spoken Russian, 'невредимый' might be preferred for simplicity, while 'неприкосновенный' suits written or official language. When choosing between translations, consider the context—opt for 'неприкосновенный' for abstract rights and 'невредимый' for tangible safety.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., using 'неприкосновенный' with a feminine noun without changing to 'неприкосновенная'.
  Correct: 'неприкосновенная репутация' instead of 'неприкосновенный репутация'.
  Explanation: Russian requires adjectives to agree in gender, number, and case, unlike English, which can lead to confusion for learners.
• Mistake: Overusing 'неприкосновенный' in informal speech, where 'невредимый' is more natural.
  Correct: Say 'Он вышел невредимым' instead of 'Он вышел неприкосновенным' in casual conversation.
  Explanation: This can make speech sound overly formal or awkward; context dictates the appropriate word.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like 'неприкосновенность' (inviolability) are deeply tied to historical contexts, such as the protection of personal rights in the Soviet era and modern Russian law. For instance, it echoes themes in literature by authors like Tolstoy, where inviolate moral integrity is a recurring motif, reflecting Russia's emphasis on resilience and tradition amidst external pressures.

Related Concepts:

• святой (svyatoj) - Holy or sacred.
• защищённый (zashchishchonnyy) - Protected.
• интактный (intaktnyy) - Intact (a loanword from English/French, used in scientific contexts).