Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'intact'

English Word: intact

Key Russian Translations:

• целый [ˈt͡sɛlɨj] - [Formal, Adjective; used for describing something whole or undamaged]
• неповрежденный [nʲɪpɐˈvrʲeʐənɨj] - [Formal, Adjective; used in technical or precise contexts for undamaged objects]
• невредимый [nʲɪvˈrʲedʲɪmɨj] - [Formal, Adjective; often used for living things or in survival contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are commonly encountered in everyday Russian, especially in descriptive or narrative contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; learners at this level can grasp the basic forms and usage, though mastering inflections may require practice. For 'невредимый', it might be slightly more advanced due to its specific connotations.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

целый: [ˈt͡sɛlɨj] (The stress is on the first syllable; note the soft 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.)

неповрежденный: [nʲɪpɐˈvrʲeʐənɨj] (Emphasize the second syllable; the 'ж' is a soft, fricative sound similar to 'zh' in 'measure'.)

Note on неповрежденный: This word has a complex consonant cluster; practice breaking it into syllables for better pronunciation.

невредимый: [nʲɪvˈrʲedʲɪmɨj] (Stress on the second syllable; the 'дʲ' is palatalized, making it sound softer.)

Note on невредимый: Variations in regional accents may soften the 'в' sound; it's often used in spoken language with emphasis on safety themes.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Undamaged, complete, or untouched (Refers to something that has not been harmed or altered.)

Translation(s) & Context:

• целый - Used in formal or everyday contexts to describe objects or situations that remain whole, e.g., in descriptions of artifacts or structures.
• неповрежденный - Applied in technical, legal, or scientific contexts, such as in reports about accidents or inspections.
• невредимый - Often used in narrative or emotional contexts, like stories involving survival or personal safety.

Usage Examples:

• Дом остался целым после урагана.

  The house remained intact after the hurricane.

• Документ был передан неповрежденным, несмотря на проблемы с доставкой.

  The document was delivered intact despite delivery issues.

• Путешественник вернулся невредимым из опасного региона.

  The traveler returned intact from the dangerous region.

• Эта древняя ваза целая и не имеет трещин.

  This ancient vase is intact and has no cracks.

• После аварии машина оказалась неповрежденной, что удивило всех.

  After the accident, the car turned out to be intact, which surprised everyone.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives agree with the nouns they modify. Here's a breakdown:

For целый (an adjective):

For неповрежденный and невредимый, they follow similar adjectival patterns with irregular stress shifts in some forms. These adjectives do not change in a completely irregular way but require attention to endings based on the noun's gender and case. Note: In the plural, forms become more uniform across genders.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: неповрежденный (similar but more technical), невредимый (emphasizes safety), нетронутый (untouched, with a connotation of not being interfered with)
• Antonyms: поврежденный (damaged), сломанный (broken), разрушенный (destroyed)

Related Phrases:

• Целый день - The whole day; used to describe an entire period, e.g., in daily routines.
• Оставаться неповрежденным - To remain intact; common in contexts like accidents or preservation.
• Вернуться невредимым - To return intact; often in adventure or travel narratives.

Usage Notes:

'Intact' corresponds most closely to 'целый' in general use, but choose 'неповрежденный' for formal or technical scenarios, such as legal documents. 'Невредимый' is ideal for contexts involving personal safety. Be mindful of Russian adjective agreement: always match gender, number, and case with the noun. For example, in informal speech, Russians might opt for simpler synonyms to avoid complex inflections.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'целый' without proper inflection, e.g., saying "цела дом" instead of "цела́я дом" for a feminine noun. Correct: "цела́я дом" (The house is intact). Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender; this mistake often stems from English's lack of agreement rules.
• Error: Confusing 'неповрежденный' with 'невредимый' in safety contexts, e.g., using 'неповрежденный' for a person. Correct: Use 'невредимый' for people; 'неповрежденный' for objects. Explanation: The former implies unharmed living beings, while the latter is for inanimate things, leading to semantic mismatches.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'невредимый' often carry connotations from literature and history, such as in war stories or folk tales where survival is a theme. For instance, in Russian folklore, characters frequently 'return невредимыми' from perilous journeys, symbolizing resilience—a value deeply rooted in Russia's historical narrative of enduring hardships.

Related Concepts:

• безопасный (safe)
• целостный (wholeness, in a broader sense)
• неизменный (unchanged)