Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'insolvent'

English Word: insolvent

Key Russian Translations:

• несостоятельный [nʲɪsɐˈstojətʲlʲɪnɨj] - [Formal; used in legal and financial contexts]
• банкрот [bɐnˈkrot] - [Formal; often implies a declared state of bankruptcy]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, financial, and business discussions, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of legal terminology and Russian adjective/adjective-noun agreements, as per CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

несостоятельный: [nʲɪsɐˈstojətʲlʲɪnɨj]

Note on несостоятельный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("sto"), and the initial "н" is palatalized, which can be challenging for beginners. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

банкрот: [bɐnˈkrot]

Note on банкрот: The stress is on the second syllable ("krot"), and the word is straightforward but often emphasized in formal readings.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Unable to pay debts (Primary meaning in financial or legal contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• несостоятельный - Used in formal legal documents or discussions about financial insolvency, often in civil law proceedings.
• банкрот - Applied when referring to an individual or entity that has been officially declared bankrupt, emphasizing the end result rather than the state.

Usage Examples:

• Суд признал компанию несостоятельной из-за накопившихся долгов.

  The court declared the company insolvent due to accumulated debts.

• Из-за кризиса многие предприниматели стали банкротами и потеряли всё.

  Due to the crisis, many entrepreneurs became insolvent and lost everything.

• Несостоятельный должник имеет право на реструктуризацию долгов в соответствии с законом.

  An insolvent debtor has the right to restructure debts according to the law.

• Банкротство предприятия привело к увольнению сотен сотрудников.

  The insolvency of the enterprise led to the layoff of hundreds of employees.

• В случае, если вы несостоятельны, обратитесь к юристу для консультации.

  If you are insolvent, consult a lawyer for advice.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Несостоятельный" is an adjective, which follows the standard patterns of Russian adjectives. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. "Банкрот" is a noun, primarily masculine, and has regular declensions.

For "несостоятельный" (adjective):

For "банкрот" (noun, masculine):

Note: These forms are regular, but always ensure agreement with the governing noun or context.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • неплатежеспособный (similar to insolvent, emphasizing inability to pay; used interchangeably in financial contexts)
  • финансово несостоятельный (more emphatic, highlighting financial aspects; preferred in detailed reports)
• Antonyms:
  • платежеспособный (solvent or financially stable)
  • финансово устойчивый (financially sound or viable)

Related Phrases:

• объявить несостоятельным - To declare someone or something insolvent (used in legal proceedings to initiate bankruptcy processes).
• стать банкротом - To become insolvent (implies a personal or business downfall, often with emotional connotations).
• несостоятельность должника - Insolvency of a debtor (a common phrase in debt collection and legal contexts).

Usage Notes:

"Несостоятельный" is the most precise translation for "insolvent" in Russian legal contexts, directly corresponding to the inability to meet financial obligations, while "банкрот" is used for the formal declaration of bankruptcy. Choose "несостоятельный" for ongoing states and "банкрот" for completed processes. Be mindful of grammatical agreement: adjectives like "несостоятельный" must match the noun's gender, number, and case. In informal settings, these terms are rare; opt for simpler phrases in everyday conversation. For learners, note that Russian bankruptcy law (e.g., under the Federal Law on Insolvency) adds specific nuances not present in English systems.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "несостоятельный" interchangeably with "банкрот" without considering context. For example, saying "Он банкрот" when describing a temporary financial issue, which implies a legal declaration.
  Correct: Use "Он несостоятельный" for the state, and explain: "Он был признан банкротом" for the official process.
• Mistake: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., saying "несостоятельный компания" instead of "несостоятельная компания" (feminine noun).
  Correct: Always adjust for gender: "несостоятельная компания" – This ensures grammatical accuracy in Russian sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, terms like "несостоятельный" and "банкрот" carry significant stigma, often linked to the historical context of the Soviet era where personal bankruptcy was rare and state-controlled. Today, under modern Russian law, bankruptcy procedures are more accessible but still viewed as a last resort, reflecting a cultural emphasis on financial resilience and collective responsibility in economic matters.

Related Concepts:

• долг (debt)
• кредит (credit)
• финансовая стабильность (financial stability)
• банкротство (bankruptcy)