Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'injury'

English Word: injury

Key Russian Translations:

• травма [ˈtravmə] - [Formal, Medical context]
• повреждение [pɐvˈrʲeʐdʲenʲije] - [Informal, General use]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday language, especially in health and accident discussions)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian noun cases and vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

травма: [ˈtravmə]

повреждение: [pɐvˈrʲeʐdʲenʲije]

Note on травма: The stress is on the first syllable; the 'a' at the end softens in casual speech. Be cautious with the 'р' sound, which is trilled.

Note on повреждение: This word has a complex consonant cluster; practice the 'жд' as a soft 'zh' sound. Variations in regional accents may alter vowel length.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Physical harm or damage to the body

Translation(s) & Context:

• травма - Used in medical or formal contexts, such as describing accidents or sports injuries.
• повреждение - Applied in everyday situations, like minor cuts or mechanical damage, often less severe than травма.

Usage Examples:

• Я получил травму во время игры в футбол.

  I got an injury while playing football.

• Её повреждение руки было незначительным, но потребовало перевязки.

  Her injury to the arm was minor but required bandaging.

• Травма колена вынудила его пропустить соревнования.

  The injury to his knee forced him to miss the competition.

• После аварии у него было несколько повреждений, включая травму головы.

  After the accident, he had several injuries, including a head injury.

• Врачи диагностировали травму связок в плече.

  Doctors diagnosed an injury to the ligaments in the shoulder.

2. Figurative or emotional harm

Translation(s) & Context:

• травма - Used metaphorically for psychological or emotional injury, common in therapeutic contexts.
• повреждение - Less common in figurative senses; typically reserved for physical contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Эта травма детства повлияла на всю её жизнь.

  This childhood injury affected her entire life.

• Эмоциональное повреждение от развода было глубоким.

  The emotional injury from the divorce was profound.

• Травма от потери близкого человека не заживает быстро.

  The injury from losing a loved one doesn't heal quickly.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "травма" and "повреждение" are feminine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard feminine declension patterns. "Травма" is a first-declension noun with regular inflections, while "повреждение" is also regular but can vary slightly in compound forms.

Note: These nouns do not have irregular forms, making them straightforward for learners, but always pay attention to case endings in sentences.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • ранение (raneniye) - Similar to injury, often implies a wound from violence.
  • ушиб (ushib) - Specifically for bruises or contusions; less formal than травма.
• Antonyms:
  • здоровье (zdorov'ye) - Health; directly opposes the concept of injury.
  • целостность (tselostnost') - Integrity or wholeness, especially in physical contexts.

Related Phrases:

• получить травму - To sustain an injury; used in contexts of accidents or sports. (e.g., "He received an injury during training.")
• лечить повреждение - To treat an injury; common in medical discussions. (e.g., "The doctor is treating the injury with rest.")
• травма головы - Head injury; a specific phrase for neurological contexts. (e.g., "A head injury can be serious.")

Usage Notes:

"Травма" is the most precise translation for "injury" in formal or medical English contexts, while "повреждение" is better for everyday, less severe situations. In Russian, always consider the noun's case based on its role in the sentence—e.g., use genitive for possession. English speakers might confuse it with emotional harm, but in Russian, specify with adjectives like "эмоциональная травма" for clarity. Choose between translations based on severity: "травма" for major injuries and "повреждение" for minor ones.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "травма" interchangeably with "повреждение" without considering context. For example, saying "Я имею повреждение от падения" when it should be "травма" for a serious fall.

  Correct: "Я получил травму от падения." Explanation: "Повреждение" implies something fixable, like a dent, whereas "травма" denotes bodily harm requiring medical attention.

• Error: Forgetting case endings, e.g., using nominative "травма" in a genitive context like "из-за травма" instead of "из-за травмы."

  Correct: "Из-за травмы он не смог играть." Explanation: Russian requires proper declension; ignoring it can make sentences grammatically incorrect.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, injuries (травма) are often discussed in the context of resilience and stoicism, especially in sports or military settings. For instance, famous athletes or soldiers enduring injuries symbolize national endurance, as seen in stories from World War II or modern Olympics. This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on overcoming adversity rather than dwelling on harm.

Related Concepts:

• болезнь (bolezn') - Illness
• реабилитация (reabilitatsiya) - Rehabilitation
• медицина (meditsina) - Medicine