Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'inhibition'

English Word: inhibition

Key Russian Translations:

• ингибирование [inɡibiˈbirənʲe] - [Formal, Technical, Used in psychological or scientific contexts]
• сдержанность [sdʲerʐɐnʲnəsʲtʲ] - [Informal, Everyday, Used in social or behavioral discussions]

Frequency: Medium (Common in psychological and academic texts but less frequent in casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and technical vocabulary; for "ингибирование", it's more advanced due to its specialized use, while "сдержанность" is B1 for everyday contexts)

Pronunciation (Russian):

ингибирование: [inɡibiˈbirənʲe]

Note on ингибирование: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("bi"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants; variations may occur in fast speech.

Audio: []

сдержанность: [sdʲerʐɐnʲnəsʲtʲ]

Note on сдержанность: Pronounce the initial "с" as a soft "s" sound; the word has a rolling "р" which is common in Russian but may require practice for non-native speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Psychological Inhibition (Restraint of impulses or behaviors)

Translation(s) & Context:

• ингибирование - Used in clinical psychology, such as in discussions of anxiety or Freudian concepts; context: formal medical reports or therapy sessions.

Usage Examples:

• Психолог обсудил ингибирование у пациента, чтобы понять его эмоциональные барьеры.

  The psychologist discussed inhibition in the patient to understand his emotional barriers.

• Ингибирование может быть полезным механизмом в ситуациях стресса.

  Inhibition can be a useful mechanism in stressful situations.

• Ее ингибирование проявляется в избегании социальных взаимодействий.

  Her inhibition shows in avoiding social interactions.

• Лечение направлено на снижение ингибирования для улучшения коммуникации.

  Treatment is aimed at reducing inhibition to improve communication.

• Ингибирование часто связано с детскими травмами в психоанализе.

  Inhibition is often linked to childhood traumas in psychoanalysis.

General Behavioral Restraint (Holding back in social situations)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сдержанность - Used in everyday conversations about personality or etiquette; context: informal settings like family discussions or social advice.

Usage Examples:

• Его сдержанность в разговоре помогла избежать конфликта.

  His inhibition in conversation helped avoid conflict.

• Сдержанность в эмоциях считается достоинством в русской культуре.

  Inhibition of emotions is considered a virtue in Russian culture.

• Она проявила сдержанность, не выразив гнев открыто.

  She showed inhibition by not expressing anger openly.

• Сдержанность в публичных выступлениях может быть вызвана страхом.

  Inhibition in public speaking can be caused by fear.

• Родители поощряют сдержанность у детей в шумных ситуациях.

  Parents encourage inhibition in children during noisy situations.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "ингибирование" and "сдержанность" are neuter nouns in Russian, subject to standard declension patterns. "Ингибирование" is a loanword and follows irregular patterns due to its foreign origin, while "сдержанность" is more regular.

Note: These nouns do not change in plural forms as they are often used in singular contexts; "сдержанность" can form a plural as "сдержанности" in abstract discussions, but it's uncommon.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • торможение (similar to ингибирование, but more general in psychology; often interchangeable in scientific texts)
  • супрессия (a more precise synonym for psychological suppression)
• Antonyms:
  • активация (activation, opposite of inhibition in psychological contexts)
  • свобода (freedom, contrasting with behavioral restraint)

Related Phrases:

• социальная сдержанность - Social inhibition; used to describe reserved behavior in group settings.
• эмоциональное ингибирование - Emotional inhibition; refers to suppressing feelings, common in therapy discussions.
• ингибирование импульсов - Inhibition of impulses; a phrase in behavioral psychology for self-control mechanisms.

Usage Notes:

"Inhibition" in English often corresponds to "ингибирование" in formal, scientific contexts like psychology, where it's a direct cognate. For everyday use, "сдержанность" is more appropriate and aligns with social nuances. Be mindful of register: "ингибирование" is formal and technical, while "сдержанность" fits informal conversations. In Russian grammar, these nouns require the correct case based on sentence structure, e.g., use genitive after prepositions like "из-за" (because of). When choosing between translations, opt for "сдержанность" in personal or cultural discussions, as it carries a positive connotation in Russian society.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Confusing "ингибирование" with "ингибиция" (a less common variant); Error example: "Ингибиция пациента" (incorrect form); Correct: "Ингибирование пациента" – Explanation: "Ингибирование" is the standard noun form; use it consistently to avoid sounding unnatural.
• Mistake: Overusing "сдержанность" in technical contexts; Error example: "Сдержанность в нейробиологии" (awkward); Correct: "Ингибирование в нейробиологии" – Explanation: "Сдержанность" is too casual for scientific writing; this can make the language feel imprecise.
• Mistake: Forgetting declensions; Error example: "Из-за сдержанность" (incorrect case); Correct: "Из-за сдержанности" – Explanation: Russian requires genitive case after "из-за," so always adjust the noun ending accordingly.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "сдержанность" (inhibition) is often viewed positively as a sign of emotional maturity and restraint, influenced by historical contexts like the Soviet era's emphasis on stoicism. This contrasts with Western views where inhibition might be seen as a barrier to expression, highlighting cultural differences in emotional norms.

Related Concepts:

• эмоции (emotions)
• психология (psychology)
• самоконтроль (self-control)