Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'infringement'

English Word: infringement

Key Russian Translations:

• нарушение [nə.rʊˈʃenʲɪje] - [Formal]

Frequency: Medium (This term is commonly used in legal, formal, and professional contexts but less so in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves legal terminology that requires understanding of Russian grammar and context; suitable for learners with a solid intermediate grasp of vocabulary and syntax.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

нарушение: [nə.rʊˈʃenʲɪje]

Note on нарушение: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ʃenʲ"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the Russian palatalized 'n' sound. Variations in pronunciation may occur based on regional dialects, but this is the standard Moscow variant.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Legal violation or breach (e.g., infringement of rights, laws, or intellectual property)

Translation(s) & Context:

• нарушение - Used in formal legal contexts, such as copyright or patent infringement, to denote an act that breaks rules or rights.

Usage Examples:

• Это нарушение авторских прав может привести к судебному иску.

  This infringement of copyright could lead to a lawsuit.

• Компания была оштрафована за нарушение патентных прав конкурентов.

  The company was fined for infringement of competitors' patent rights.

• Любое нарушение договора будет считаться серьезным проступком.

  Any infringement of the contract will be considered a serious offense.

• Он обвиняется в нарушении правил дорожного движения.

  He is accused of infringement of traffic rules.

• Международное нарушение прав человека обсуждается на глобальном уровне.

  International infringement of human rights is discussed at a global level.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Нарушение" is a neuter noun in the second declension (second grammatical gender in Russian). It follows regular patterns for Russian nouns, with changes based on case, number, and gender. As a neuter noun, it ends in -ие in its nominative singular form and inflects predictably.

Note: This noun does not have irregular inflections, making it relatively straightforward for learners. For other translations, if any, their inflections would be detailed separately.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • преступление (prestuplenie) - More general, implying a crime; used in broader legal contexts.
  • нарушения прав (narusheniya prav) - Specifically for rights violations, with subtle emphasis on the aspect of rights.
• Antonyms:
  • соблюдение (soblyudenie) - Compliance or adherence, indicating the opposite of breaking rules.
  • уважение (uvazhenie) - Respect, often used in contexts of honoring rights or laws.

Related Phrases:

• нарушение закона - (Violation of the law; commonly used in legal discussions to refer to breaking statutes.)
• нарушение авторских прав - (Infringement of copyright; a direct equivalent in intellectual property contexts.)
• нарушение патента - (Patent infringement; used in business and innovation settings.)

Usage Notes:

"Нарушение" directly corresponds to "infringement" in English, particularly in legal and formal contexts, but it can be broader, encompassing any type of violation. It is typically used in written or official speech and should be paired with specific nouns (e.g., "нарушение прав" for rights infringement). English speakers might confuse it with more emotional terms; however, it's neutral and fact-based. When choosing between translations, opt for "нарушение" in most cases unless a more specific synonym fits the context better. Grammatically, always consider Russian case agreements, such as using the genitive for "of" phrases.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "нарушение" with "нарушать" (to violate): Learners often use the noun form when a verb is needed. Incorrect: "Я нарушение закон" (wrong structure). Correct: "Я нарушаю закон" (I am violating the law). Explanation: "Нарушение" is a noun, so it requires proper sentence structure; use verbs like "нарушать" for actions.

• Overgeneralizing to informal contexts: Incorrectly using "нарушение" in casual speech, e.g., "Это нарушение моего времени" instead of a simpler phrase. Correct: In informal settings, Russians might say "Это обидно" (That's offensive). Explanation: Reserve "нарушение" for formal or legal scenarios to avoid sounding overly bureaucratic.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, terms like "нарушение" are heavily influenced by the country's legal history, including Soviet-era regulations and modern intellectual property laws aligned with international standards. For instance, copyright infringement has become a hot topic with the rise of digital media, reflecting cultural shifts towards protecting creative works amid piracy concerns. Understanding this helps English speakers grasp the term's implications in everyday Russian society.

Related Concepts:

• право (pravo) - Right or law
• закон (zakon) - Law
• преступление (prestuplenie) - Crime