Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'infrastructure'

English Word: infrastructure

Key Russian Translations:

• инфраструктура [ɪnfraˈstrʊktʊrə] - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Medium (Common in professional, economic, and urban planning contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with technical vocabulary and basic Russian noun declensions, as per CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

инфраструктура: [ɪnfraˈstrʊktʊrə] (Note: The stress is on the fourth syllable; pronounce the 'у' as a short 'u' sound, similar to "book". Be mindful of the rolling 'r' in Russian accents.)

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, such as roads, bridges, and utilities.

Translation(s) & Context:

• инфраструктура - Used in formal contexts like business, government, or urban development discussions; implies a broad system rather than individual components.

Usage Examples:

• В городе активно развивается инфраструктура, включая новые дороги и общественный транспорт.

  In the city, infrastructure is being actively developed, including new roads and public transport.

• Инфраструктура страны должна быть модернизирована для повышения экономической эффективности.

  The country's infrastructure must be modernized to improve economic efficiency.

• Без надёжной инфраструктуры невозможно обеспечить устойчивый рост бизнеса.

  Without reliable infrastructure, it's impossible to ensure sustainable business growth.

• Глобальная инфраструктура интернета связывает миллиарды пользователей по всему миру.

  The global internet infrastructure connects billions of users worldwide.

• Инфраструктура здравоохранения в регионе нуждается в срочных инвестициях.

  The healthcare infrastructure in the region needs urgent investments.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Инфраструктура" is a feminine noun in the first declension group. It follows standard Russian noun patterns with regular inflections for cases and numbers. Below is a table outlining its key forms:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic declensions are mastered.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • базис (basis) - More general, often used in abstract contexts; implies foundational elements without the technical connotation.
  • основа (foundation) - Applies in structural or foundational senses, but less specific to systems like infrastructure.
• Antonyms:
  • хаос (chaos) - Represents disorder or lack of structure, contrasting with organized infrastructure.
  • разрушение (destruction) - Implies the opposite state, such as when infrastructure is damaged or absent.

Related Phrases:

• социальная инфраструктура - Social infrastructure; refers to facilities like schools and hospitals that support community life.
• транспортная инфраструктура - Transportation infrastructure; includes roads, railways, and airports essential for mobility.
• цифровая инфраструктура - Digital infrastructure; encompasses networks and data systems for modern communication.
• инвестировать в инфраструктуру - To invest in infrastructure; a common phrase in economic discussions, emphasizing development funding.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "инфраструктура" directly corresponds to the English "infrastructure" and is typically used in formal or professional settings, such as reports, news, or academic writing. Unlike English, where the word can be more flexible, Russian requires attention to case endings—e.g., use the genitive case (инфраструктуры) when indicating possession or relation. When choosing between synonyms like "базис" or "основа", opt for "инфраструктура" in technical contexts for precision. It's gender-specific as feminine, so adjectives and verbs must agree accordingly (e.g., "развитая инфраструктура" for "developed infrastructure").

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the nominative form in all contexts, e.g., saying "инвестировать в инфраструктура" instead of "инвестировать в инфраструктуру".

  Correct: "Инвестировать в инфраструктуру" (accusative case). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement with prepositions; "в" typically takes accusative for direction.

• Error: Confusing with synonyms, e.g., using "базис" when "инфраструктура" is needed for specificity.

  Correct: Stick to "инфраструктура" in technical discussions. Explanation: "Базис" is more abstract and may not convey the same systemic implications.

• Error: Omitting plural forms, e.g., treating it as always singular.

  Correct: Use plural when referring to multiple systems, e.g., "инфраструктуры городов". Explanation: Plural forms help in broader contexts, like comparing infrastructures across regions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and society, "инфраструктура" often carries connotations of national development and resilience, especially in the context of Russia's vast geography and historical challenges. For instance, it frequently appears in discussions about Soviet-era infrastructure or modern initiatives like the Belt and Road projects, symbolizing progress and connectivity in a country where transportation and utilities are vital for overcoming distances.

Related Concepts:

• экономика (economy)
• транспорт (transport)
• развитие (development)
• технологии (technologies)