Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'infraction'

English Word: infraction

Key Russian Translations:

• нарушение [nə.ruˈʃenʲɪje] - [Formal, Legal contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, everyday, and formal discussions in Russian media and literature)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of noun declensions and legal vocabulary for English learners)

Pronunciation (Russian):

нарушение: [nə.ruˈʃenʲɪje]

Note on нарушение: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ʃenʲ"), which can be tricky for beginners; the "ʃ" sound is similar to the English "sh" in "shoe". Variations in regional accents may soften the vowels.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A violation or breach of a law, rule, or obligation (most common meaning).

Translation(s) & Context:

• нарушение - Used in formal, legal, or everyday contexts to describe a minor breach, such as traffic rules or regulations.

Usage Examples:

• Он совершил нарушение правил дорожного движения, что повлекло за собой штраф.

  He committed a traffic infraction, which resulted in a fine.

• В контракте указано, что любое нарушение условий приведёт к расторжению соглашения.

  The contract states that any infraction of the terms will lead to termination of the agreement.

• Школьные правила строго запрещают нарушения дисциплины во время уроков.

  School rules strictly prohibit infractions of discipline during classes.

• Это мелкое нарушение этикета не стоило большого внимания.

  This minor infraction of etiquette wasn't worth much attention.

• Суд рассмотрит обвинение в нарушении авторских прав как серьёзное нарушение.

  The court will consider the accusation of copyright infraction as a serious violation.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Нарушение" is a neuter noun in Russian, belonging to the third declension. It follows regular patterns for most cases but has no irregularities. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: This noun does not change in gender and is invariant in its base form, making it straightforward for learners once basic declensions are mastered.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • правонарушение (more formal, specifically for legal offenses; implies a broader criminal context)
  • преступление (crime; used when the infraction is more serious, but not always interchangeable)
• Antonyms:
  • соблюдение (compliance; refers to adherence to rules)
  • исполнение (fulfillment; in the context of obligations)

Related Phrases:

• Грубое нарушение - A gross infraction; often used in legal contexts to denote a severe breach.
• Нарушение правил - Infraction of rules; common in everyday situations like sports or workplace regulations.
• Административное нарушение - Administrative infraction; refers to minor offenses handled by authorities without criminal proceedings.

Usage Notes:

"Нарушение" directly corresponds to "infraction" in English, particularly for non-criminal violations, but it can encompass a wider range in Russian legal contexts. Use it in formal writing or speech; for informal settings, pair it with context-specific phrases. Be mindful of declensions based on sentence structure—e.g., use the genitive case after prepositions like "из-за" (because of). When choosing between translations like "нарушение" and "правонарушение," opt for the latter if the context involves statutory laws.

Common Errors:

• Incorrect: Using "нарушение" without proper declension, e.g., saying "из нарушение" instead of "из нарушения" (genitive case required after "из").

  Correct: "Из нарушения правил" (From the infraction of rules). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so learners must adjust the ending based on the preposition.

• Incorrect: Confusing with "преступление," e.g., using it for a minor infraction like a parking ticket.

  Correct: Use "нарушение" for minor issues; "преступление" implies a crime. Explanation: This overgeneralization can lead to exaggeration in meaning, affecting communication in legal discussions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, "нарушение" often appears in contexts influenced by Soviet-era regulations, where minor infractions could lead to administrative penalties. This reflects a broader emphasis on rule-following in public life, as seen in traffic laws or workplace codes, highlighting the cultural value placed on order and compliance in society.

Related Concepts:

• штраф (fine)
• протокол (protocol or record of violation)
• дисциплина (discipline)