Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'industry'

English Word: industry

Key Russian Translations:

• промышленность /prəˈmɪʃlənəstʲ/ - [Formal, typically used for manufacturing or economic sectors]
• отрасль /ɐˈtrasʲlʲ/ - [Formal, often in business or professional contexts for a specific branch]
• индустрия /ɪnˈdustʲrʲɪjə/ - [Semi-formal, borrowed term, used in modern or globalized contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in economic, business, and academic discussions, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and contextual usage; for 'промышленность' and 'отрасль', it may vary to A2 if basic forms are memorized)

Pronunciation (Russian):

промышленность: /prəˈmɪʃlənəstʲ/

отрасль: /ɐˈtrasʲlʲ/

индустрия: /ɪnˈdustʲrʲɪjə/

Note on промышленность: The stress falls on the third syllable; be aware of the soft 'ш' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to its palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A particular form or branch of economic or commercial activity (e.g., manufacturing or industry sector)

Translation(s) & Context:

• промышленность - Used in formal contexts like economics or policy discussions, referring to heavy industry or manufacturing.
• отрасль - Applied in business settings to denote a specific sector, such as the tech industry.

Usage Examples:

• В России нефтяная промышленность играет ключевую роль в экономике.

  In Russia, the oil industry plays a key role in the economy. (This example shows the word in a formal economic context.)

• Эта отрасль быстро развивается благодаря новым технологиям.

  This industry is developing rapidly thanks to new technologies. (Illustrates usage in a professional, forward-looking sentence.)

• Государство инвестирует в промышленность для повышения экспорта.

  The state is investing in industry to increase exports. (Demonstrates the word in a governmental or policy-related structure.)

• Индустрия развлечений в Москве привлекает молодых специалистов.

  The entertainment industry in Moscow attracts young professionals. (Shows a modern, borrowed term in a cultural context.)

Meaning 2: Hard work, diligence, or industriousness (less common, metaphorical sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• промышленность - Rarely used for this meaning; more metaphorical in literary contexts.
• трудолюбие - Informal equivalent for personal diligence, not directly tied to economic sectors.

Usage Examples:

• Его промышленность помогла ему добиться успеха в бизнесе.

  His industry helped him achieve success in business. (This is a less common usage, showing metaphorical application.)

• Трудолюбие — это основа для развития любой отрасли.

  Industry is the foundation for developing any sector. (Highlights the abstract sense in motivational contexts.)

• Без промышленности невозможно построить сильную экономику.

  Without industry, it's impossible to build a strong economy. (Blends both meanings for nuanced usage.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'промышленность' (feminine noun, 3rd declension), it undergoes regular noun declension based on case and number. It is invariant in plural forms for general references.

For 'отрасль' (feminine, 3rd declension), similar rules apply with slight variations in plural forms.

'Индустрия' is less inflected and often remains unchanged in casual use, but follows standard feminine patterns when fully declined.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: отрасль (similar but more specific to branches), сектор (sector, often interchangeable in business contexts), сфера (sphere, broader application)
• Antonyms: сельское хозяйство (agriculture, contrasting with industrial sectors), ремесло (craft, for non-industrial work)

Related Phrases:

• Тяжелая промышленность - Heavy industry; refers to large-scale manufacturing sectors with significant machinery.
• Легкая промышленность - Light industry; used for smaller-scale production like textiles.
• Развивающаяся отрасль - Developing industry; common in economic reports to describe emerging sectors.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'промышленность' directly corresponds to the economic sense of 'industry' in English, but it's more formal and tied to manufacturing. Use 'отрасль' for broader business contexts. Be mindful of gender (feminine) when constructing sentences, as it affects adjectives and verbs. For learners, choose 'промышленность' in official or academic settings, while 'индустрия' suits modern, international discussions. Always consider the plural form for multiple sectors to avoid grammatical errors.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'промышленность' interchangeably with 'индустрия' without context; e.g., saying "промышленность развлечений" instead of "индустрия развлечений". Correct: 'Индустрия' is better for entertainment or creative fields. Explanation: 'Промышленность' implies heavy manufacturing, leading to confusion in non-industrial contexts.

• Error: Forgetting declension; e.g., saying "в промышленность" (incorrect genitive) instead of "в промышленности". Correct: Use proper case like "в промышленности" for prepositional. Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English speakers often overlook, resulting in awkward phrasing.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, 'промышленность' carries historical connotations from the Soviet era, where heavy industry was emphasized for national development. Terms like 'тяжелая промышленность' evoke images of industrialization under Stalin, symbolizing progress but also environmental and social challenges, which can add depth to discussions in modern contexts.

Related Concepts:

• экономика (economy)
• технологии (technology)
• экспорт (export)