Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'indebted'

English Word: indebted

Key Russian Translations:

• благодарный [blɐ.ɡɐˈdar.nɨj] - [Formal, used to express gratitude or obligation]
• задолжавший [zə.dɐlˈʐa.vʂij] - [Formal, specific to financial or material debt]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday and literary contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of adjective inflections and nuanced meanings; for "задолжавший", it may be B2 due to its specific financial connotations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

благодарный: [blɐ.ɡɐˈdar.nɨj]

Note on благодарный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("dar"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft "r" sound; variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

задолжавший: [zə.dɐlˈʐa.vʂij]

Note on задолжавший: The "zh" sound (as in "measure") and the final "ij" ending require attention; it's a past active participle form, which might sound more formal in spoken language.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Grateful or owing gratitude (e.g., feeling obligated due to kindness)

Translation(s) & Context:

• благодарный - Used in formal or emotional contexts, such as expressing thanks in letters or speeches.

Usage Examples:

• Я всегда буду благодарный за твою поддержку в трудные времена.

  I will always be indebted for your support during difficult times.

• Этот подарок сделал меня глубоко благодарным.

  This gift made me deeply indebted.

• Благодарный друг никогда не забывает оказанную помощь.

  An indebted friend never forgets the help given.

• В письме он выразил себя как благодарный за предоставленные возможности.

  In the letter, he expressed himself as indebted for the opportunities provided.

Meaning 2: Owing money or in financial debt

Translation(s) & Context:

• задолжавший - Typically used in legal, financial, or formal contexts, such as banking or debt discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Он остался задолжавший банку значительную сумму.

  He remained indebted to the bank for a significant amount.

• Задолжавший клиент должен выплатить долг в срок.

  The indebted client must pay the debt on time.

• После кризиса многие люди оказались задолжавшими.

  After the crisis, many people found themselves indebted.

• Задолжавший заемщик рискует потерять имущество.

  An indebted borrower risks losing their property.

• Она чувствовала себя задолжавшей семье из-за невыплаченных долгов.

  She felt indebted to her family due to unpaid debts.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "благодарный" and "задолжавший" are adjectives/participles and follow Russian inflection patterns for adjectives. Russian adjectives change based on gender, number, and case.

For "благодарный" (an adjective):

For "задолжавший" (a past active participle, which functions like an adjective):

It follows similar patterns but is less common and often used in perfective contexts. Example: Nominative singular: задолжавший (m.), задолжавшая (f.), задолжавшее (n.), задолжавшие (pl.). It is irregular in some forms due to its verbal origin.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • благодарственный (more ceremonial, often used in official thanks)
  • признательный (implies acknowledgment of debt or favor, with a sense of reciprocity)
• Antonyms:
  • неблагодарный (ungrateful, lacking appreciation)
  • свободный от долгов (free from debt, specific to financial contexts)

Related Phrases:

• Благодарю вас - A polite way to say "thank you," often used in formal settings; implies a sense of being indebted for a favor.
• В долгу перед кем-то - Means "in debt to someone," used metaphorically for gratitude or financial obligation.
• Задолжать кому-то - Refers to "owing someone," commonly in financial contexts; example usage: in negotiations or loans.

Usage Notes:

"Благодарный" is the preferred translation for "indebted" in emotional or social contexts, aligning closely with English expressions of gratitude, but it should be used in formal registers to avoid sounding overly dramatic. "Задолжавший" is more literal for financial debt and is best reserved for legal or economic discussions. When choosing between translations, consider the context: use "благодарный" for personal relationships and "задолжавший" for monetary ones. Grammatically, both inflect as adjectives, so ensure agreement with nouns in gender, number, and case. In spoken Russian, "благодарный" can soften interactions, while "задолжавший" might imply urgency.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse "благодарный" with "благодарю" (I thank you), leading to incorrect usage in sentences. For example: Incorrect: "Я благодарю за помощь" (This means "I thank for help," not "I am indebted"). Correct: "Я благодарный за помощь." Explanation: Use the adjective form properly to express a state of being indebted, not the verb.

• Mixing inflections: Saying "задолжавший человек" incorrectly as "задолжавшего человек" (wrong case). Correct: Ensure genitive case if needed, e.g., "человека задолжавшего." Explanation: Pay attention to case agreement to avoid grammatical errors in Russian sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expressing indebtedness through words like "благодарный" often carries a deep sense of reciprocity, rooted in historical traditions of community and mutual aid. For instance, in literature like Dostoevsky's works, being "indebted" can symbolize moral or emotional burdens, reflecting the cultural emphasis on personal honor and relationships over purely financial matters.

Related Concepts:

• признательность (gratitude)
• долг (debt)
• обязанность (obligation)