Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'incise'

English Word: incise

Key Russian Translations:

• надрезать /nɐˈdrʲezətʲ/ - [Verb, Formal, Used in medical or precise cutting contexts]
• разрезать /rɐˈzʲrezətʲ/ - [Verb, Informal, Plural forms common in everyday descriptions]

Frequency: Medium (Common in specialized fields like medicine and crafts, but less frequent in casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate for "надрезать" due to verb conjugation; B1 for "разрезать" as it's more straightforward in basic forms)

Pronunciation (Russian):

надрезать: /nɐˈdrʲezətʲ/

разрезать: /rɐˈzʲrezətʲ/

Note on надрезать: The stress falls on the second syllable ("drʲez"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized 'r' sound; pronounce it with a soft, rolling effect.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: To cut into something with a sharp tool, often precisely (e.g., in surgery or engraving)

Translation(s) & Context:

• надрезать - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as medical procedures, to imply a shallow or controlled cut.
• разрезать - Applied in everyday or informal settings, like cutting food or materials, implying a deeper or more general separation.

Usage Examples:

• Врач надрезал кожу пациента для проведения операции. (The doctor incised the patient's skin to perform the surgery.)

  English Translation: The doctor incised the patient's skin to perform the surgery.

• Художник разрезал холст, чтобы создать уникальный эффект. (The artist incised the canvas to create a unique effect.)

  English Translation: The artist incised the canvas to create a unique effect. (Here, it shows "разрезать" in a creative context.)

• Во время эксперимента учёный надрезал образец для анализа. (During the experiment, the scientist incised the sample for analysis.)

  English Translation: During the experiment, the scientist incised the sample for analysis. (Demonstrates formal, scientific usage.)

• Дети разрезали фрукты на уроке труда. (The children incised the fruits during their craft class.)

  English Translation: The children incised the fruits during their craft class. (Illustrates informal, plural subject usage.)

• Хирург аккуратно надрезал ткань, чтобы избежать осложнений. (The surgeon carefully incised the tissue to avoid complications.)

  English Translation: The surgeon carefully incised the tissue to avoid complications. (Shows variation in grammatical structure with adverbs.)

Secondary Meaning: To engrave or mark by cutting (e.g., in art or inscriptions)

Translation(s) & Context:

• надрезать - In artistic contexts, emphasizing precision without deep cuts.

Usage Examples:

• Ювелир надрезал металл для гравировки узора. (The jeweler incised the metal to engrave a pattern.)

  English Translation: The jeweler incised the metal to engrave a pattern.

• Мастер надрезал дерево, чтобы вырезать фамильную эмблему. (The master incised the wood to carve a family emblem.)

  English Translation: The master incised the wood to carve a family emblem. (Highlights object-focused usage.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "надрезать" (a perfective verb), it follows standard Russian verb conjugation patterns with irregularities in aspect. It is a first-conjugation verb and changes based on tense, person, and number.

For "разрезать", it is similar but more regular: Present: разрезаю, разрезаешь; Past: разрезал; Future: разрежу. Note that both verbs are aspectual and often pair with imperfective forms like "надрезать" with "надрезывать".

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • вырезать (výrezat') - Similar but implies removing a piece; used in crafting.
  • рассечь (rasséch') - More forceful, often for quick cuts; differs by implying speed.
• Antonyms:
  • сшить (sshít') - To sew or join together.
  • склеить (skleít') - To glue or bond.

Related Phrases:

• надрезать кожу (nadrezat' kóju) - To incise the skin; commonly used in medical contexts.
• разрезать на части (razrezat' na chásti) - To incise into pieces; implies division in everyday tasks, e.g., cutting food.
• надрезать для анализа (nadrezat' dlya analiza) - To incise for analysis; a phrase in scientific or lab settings with precise connotation.

Usage Notes:

"Incise" in English often corresponds to "надрезать" in Russian for precise, shallow cuts, especially in professional contexts, while "разрезать" is better for general or deeper separations. Be mindful of aspect: Russian verbs like these are perfective, so use them for completed actions. In formal writing or speech, prefer "надрезать" to match the exactitude of "incise." If the context involves multiple subjects, ensure verb agreement in number and person, as Russian conjugation is more complex than English.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "надрезать" with "разрезать": English learners might use "разрезать" interchangeably, but it's less precise. Error: "Я разрезал кожу" (incorrect for a surgical context). Correct: "Я надрезал кожу." Explanation: "Разрезать" implies a fuller cut, potentially altering the meaning.

• Incorrect conjugation: Forgetting aspect changes, e.g., saying "Я надрезает" instead of "Я надрезаю." Error: "Он надрезает вчера" (wrong tense). Correct: "Он надрезал вчера." Explanation: Russian requires strict tense agreement, unlike English's flexible verb forms.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "надрезать" are prevalent in medical and artistic traditions, reflecting Russia's emphasis on precision in fields like surgery (influenced by historical figures like Nikolai Pirogov). It can carry connotations of care and expertise, especially in contexts like folk art where incising wood is a traditional craft, symbolizing meticulousness in Russian heritage.

Related Concepts:

• операция (operatsiya) - Operation or surgery.
• гравировка (gravirovka) - Engraving.
• инструмент (instrument) - Tool, often used in cutting contexts.