Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'incidence'

English Word: incidence

Key Russian Translations:

• инциденция [in.tsi'den.tsi.ja] - [Formal, Technical]
• случай [slu.'kaj] - [Informal, General]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical and scientific contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian noun declensions and technical vocabulary; for 'инциденция', it's more advanced due to its specialized use)

Pronunciation (Russian):

инциденция: [in.tsi'den.tsi.ja]

Note on инциденция: The stress falls on the third syllable ('den'). This word is often challenging for English speakers due to the soft 'ц' sound, which is similar to 'ts' in "tsar".

случай: [slu.'kaj]

Note on случай: The stress is on the second syllable ('kaj'). It's a straightforward word, but be mindful of the soft sign (ь) at the end, which affects pronunciation subtly.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The rate or frequency at which something, such as a disease or event, occurs (e.g., in statistics or epidemiology).

Translation(s) & Context:

• инциденция - Used in formal, scientific, or medical contexts to describe statistical occurrence rates.
• случай - Used in informal or everyday contexts to refer to an individual instance or general occurrence.

Usage Examples:

• В прошлом году инциденция гриппа среди населения возросла на 20%.

  Last year, the incidence of flu among the population increased by 20%.

• Медики отслеживают инциденцию новых случаев COVID-19 в регионе.

  Medical professionals are tracking the incidence of new COVID-19 cases in the region.

• Этот случай инциденции аварий на заводе был зарегистрирован в отчете.

  This incidence of accidents at the factory was recorded in the report.

• В повседневной речи люди часто говорят о "случае" вместо "инциденции", чтобы избежать формальности.

  In everyday speech, people often say "case" instead of "incidence" to avoid formality.

Meaning 2: An individual event or occurrence (less common, more literal sense).

Translation(s) & Context:

• случай - Applied in narrative or descriptive contexts, such as storytelling or casual reporting.

Usage Examples:

• Этот случай произошел в центре города и привлек внимание полиции.

  This incidence occurred in the city center and attracted the police's attention.

• Инциденция такого рода редка в нашей стране.

  Incidences of this kind are rare in our country.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Инциденция' is a feminine noun (3rd declension) and follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns. It changes based on case, number, and gender. 'Случай' is a masculine noun (2nd declension) with its own variations.

Note: These are regular inflections, but always check for context-specific usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: частота (frequency, more general), распространенность (prevalence, in epidemiological contexts) - 'распространенность' is often used interchangeably but implies wider distribution.
• Antonyms: редкость (rarity) - Highlights infrequency, contrasting with high incidence.

Related Phrases:

• инциденция заболеваемости - Incidence of disease (used in health statistics to describe occurrence rates in a population).
• случайный инцидент - Random incidence (refers to an unexpected event in informal narratives).
• высокая инциденция ошибок - High incidence of errors (common in quality control or data analysis).

Usage Notes:

Use 'инциденция' for precise, technical contexts like medicine or statistics, as it directly mirrors the English term's scientific connotation. 'Случай' is more versatile for everyday language but may not convey the quantitative aspect of 'incidence'. Be mindful of gender and case agreements in sentences; for example, 'инциденция' requires feminine adjectives. When choosing between translations, opt for 'инциденция' in formal writing and 'случай' in spoken Russian to match the appropriate register.

Common Errors:

• Common mistake: Confusing 'инциденция' with 'инцидент' (which means 'incident' as in an event or conflict). Incorrect: "Инцидент заболеваемости" (wrong usage). Correct: "Инциденция заболеваемости". Explanation: 'Инцидент' refers to a specific event, while 'инциденция' is about rates or frequencies.

• Another error: Forgetting to decline the noun properly, e.g., using 'инциденция' in the wrong case. Incorrect: "О случай" (missing declension). Correct: "О случае". Explanation: Russian requires nouns to agree in case with prepositions and verbs for grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and scientific literature, 'инциденция' is a standard term in epidemiology and public health, often seen in reports from organizations like Rospotrebnadzor (the Russian consumer protection agency). It reflects Russia's emphasis on data-driven approaches in medicine, influenced by Soviet-era scientific traditions, and is commonly used without the same cultural nuances as in English.

Related Concepts:

• превалентность
• эпидемия
• статистика