Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'incensed'

English Word: incensed

Key Russian Translations:

• разгневанный [rɐzɡnʲɪˈvanːɨj] - [Formal, often used in literary or serious contexts]
• возмущенный [vɐzmʊˈʂɛnnɨj] - [Informal, suitable for everyday conversations or emotional expressions]
• раздраженный [rɐzdrɐˈʐɛnnɨj] - [Neutral, used when irritation is a milder form of anger]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in literature, news, and discussions, but not as basic as everyday words like "счастливый" for happy)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) - Involves understanding adjective inflections and contextual nuances; for "возмущенный," it may be B1 if focusing on simpler forms.

Pronunciation (Russian):

разгневанный: [rɐzɡnʲɪˈvanːɨj]

Note on разгневанный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("va"), which can be tricky for learners due to the soft 'н' sound; practice with native speakers for accuracy.

возмущенный: [vɐzmʊˈʂɛnnɨj]

Note on возмущенный: The 'ш' sound (as in "sh") is retroflex, common in Russian; avoid confusing it with softer 's' sounds.

раздраженный: [rɐzdrɐˈʐɛnnɨj]

Note on раздраженный: The 'ж' sound is voiced and palatalized; it's similar to English 'zh' in "measure," but ensure it's not over-emphasized.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Extremely angry or outraged, often due to perceived injustice or offense.

Translation(s) & Context:

• разгневанный - Used in formal writing, speeches, or historical contexts to convey deep, righteous anger.
• возмущенный - Common in informal settings like arguments or social media, emphasizing moral indignation.
• раздраженный - Applied in everyday situations where anger is temporary or less intense, such as minor annoyances.

Usage Examples:

• Он был разгневанным из-за несправедливого решения суда.

  He was incensed by the unjust court decision.

• Друзья возмущены новыми правилами, которые ограничивают их свободу.

  Friends are incensed by the new rules that restrict their freedom.

• Она почувствовала себя раздраженной после долгого ожидания в очереди.

  She felt incensed after waiting in line for a long time.

• Разгневанные протестующие вышли на улицы, требуя изменений.

  Incensed protesters took to the streets, demanding change.

• Возмущенный ответ от начальника заставил всех замолчать.

  The incensed response from the boss made everyone fall silent.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are adjectives, which in Russian undergo changes based on gender, number, and case. They follow standard adjectival patterns, with "разгневанный" and similar forms being inflected irregularly in some cases due to their derived nature.

Note: These adjectives are invariable in terms of stress in most forms, but always agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сердитый (serdityy) - Similar to "angry," but more general and less intense; often used for temporary irritation.
  • злой (zloi) - Conveys "evil" or "wicked" anger, with a connotation of malice.
• Antonyms:
  • спокойный (spokoinyi) - Means "calm" or "peaceful," directly opposite in emotional state.
  • радостный (radostnyi) - Means "joyful," highlighting a positive contrast.

Related Phrases:

• Быть разгневанным - To be incensed; used in contexts of deep emotional response, e.g., in debates or conflicts.
• Возмущенный крик - An incensed shout; common in dramatic or protest scenarios.
• Раздраженный тон - An incensed tone; refers to speaking with irritation in everyday conversations.

Usage Notes:

"Incensed" corresponds most closely to "разгневанный" in formal English-to-Russian translations, but choose "возмущенный" for situations involving moral outrage, as it's more idiomatic in modern Russian speech. Be mindful of context: in informal settings, "раздраженный" might be safer to avoid overstating anger. Grammatically, these adjectives must agree with the noun they describe, which is a key difference from English. For learners, start with singular forms before tackling inflections.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "разгневанный" in informal contexts where it sounds overly dramatic. Correct: Opt for "возмущенный" in casual talk, e.g., Incorrect: "Он разгневанный из-за трафика." Correct: "Он возмущенный из-за трафика." Explanation: "Разгневанный" implies a more biblical or literary anger, while "возмущенный" fits everyday frustration.

• Error: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., saying "разгневанный женщина" instead of "разгневанная женщина." Correct: Always match gender, number, and case. Explanation: Russian requires this for grammatical accuracy, unlike English.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expressions of anger like "разгневанный" often carry a sense of historical or moral weight, influenced by literature (e.g., Dostoevsky's characters). It can reflect the Russian emphasis on emotional depth and social justice, where being "incensed" might lead to passionate debates or protests, as seen in events like those during perestroika.

Related Concepts:

• гнев (gnev) - Anger in general.
• ярость (yarost') - Fury or rage.
• недовольство (nedovol'stvo) - Dissatisfaction.