Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'impeach'

English Word: impeach

Key Russian Translations:

• Импичмент /ɪmˈpɪtʃmənt/ - [Formal, Legal, Used in political and governmental contexts]
• Обвинить в импичменте /ɐbˈvɪnʲɪtʲ vʲ ɪmˈpɪtʃmənt/ - [Formal, Legal, Often used as a verb phrase in official proceedings]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized and appears primarily in legal, political, or news contexts, not everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced) - Requires familiarity with legal terminology and Russian political vocabulary; for "Импичмент," it's straightforward borrowing, but "Обвинить в импичменте" involves verb conjugation, making it challenging for intermediate learners.

Pronunciation (Russian):

Импичмент: /ɪmˈpɪtʃmənt/ (Note the stress on the second syllable; common for borrowed words, with a soft 'ч' sound that may be tricky for English speakers.)

Обвинить в импичменте: /ɐbˈvɪnʲɪtʲ vʲ ɪmˈpɪtʃmənt/ (The verb "обвинить" has a soft 'н' and varies by conjugation; pay attention to the preposition "в" which links to the accusative case.)

Note on Импичмент: This is a direct borrowing from English, so pronunciation closely mirrors the original, but Russians may soften consonants for natural flow.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To formally charge a public official with misconduct or a crime committed while in office

Translation(s) & Context:

• Импичмент - Used in formal legal contexts, such as parliamentary procedures, to refer to the process of impeachment.
• Обвинить в импичменте - Employed as a verb phrase in accusatory settings, often in media or legal documents, to describe initiating impeachment proceedings.

Usage Examples:

• Президент был обвинен в импичменте за коррупцию.

  The president was impeached for corruption. (This example shows the phrase in a past tense context, highlighting its use in news reports.)

• Парламент может объявить импичмент премьер-министру.

  Parliament can impeach the prime minister. (Demonstrates the noun form in a hypothetical or declarative sentence, emphasizing political authority.)

• Если доказательства найдутся, мы вынуждены будем обвинить его в импичменте.

  If the evidence is found, we will be forced to impeach him. (Illustrates the verb phrase in a conditional structure, showing future intent in legal scenarios.)

• Импичмент объявлен, и теперь начинается судебный процесс.

  Impeachment has been declared, and now the trial begins. (This shows the term in a sequential narrative, common in formal writing.)

• В истории России импичмент использовался редко, но эффективно.

  In Russian history, impeachment has been used rarely but effectively. (Provides historical context, demonstrating the noun in a broader discussion.)

To challenge or discredit someone's authority or position

Translation(s) & Context:

• Обвинить в импичменте - In metaphorical or extended use, to question legitimacy, though less common than the literal sense.

Usage Examples:

• Критики пытаются обвинить лидера в импичменте, чтобы подорвать его репутацию.

  Critics are trying to impeach the leader to undermine his reputation. (This example extends the term metaphorically in a modern debate.)

• Его речь была попыткой импичмента оппонента.

  His speech was an attempt to impeach his opponent. (Shows informal or rhetorical use in public discourse.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Импичмент" is a masculine noun (from English borrowing) and follows the standard declension pattern for third-declension nouns in Russian. It is invariable in plural forms as it typically refers to a singular process, but it declines by case.

For "Обвинить," a verb, it conjugates irregularly as a first-conjugation verb: Present: обвиняю, обвиняешь; Past: обвинил; Future: обвиню. Note its aspect (perfective: обвинить; imperfective: обвинять).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Отрешение от должности (removal from office; more general and less formal)
  • Смещение (dismissal; used in administrative contexts, with a slight nuance of forced removal)
• Antonyms:
  • Поддержка (support; implies backing or endorsement)
  • Реабилитация (rehabilitation; suggests restoring reputation after accusation)

Related Phrases:

• Объявить импичмент - To declare impeachment; used in formal announcements of legal actions.
• Процедура импичмента - Impeachment procedure; refers to the step-by-step process in governance.
• Импичмент президента - Impeachment of the president; a common phrase in political discussions, often with historical connotations.

Usage Notes:

"Импичмент" directly corresponds to the English noun form and is used almost exclusively in formal, legal contexts in Russian, mirroring Western democratic systems. For the verb "impeach," use "обвинить в импичменте" to capture the accusatory action. Be mindful of case agreements; for example, it often appears in the prepositional case in phrases like "в процессе импичмента." In everyday Russian, this term is rare outside politics, so learners should prioritize formal vocabulary lists. When choosing between translations, opt for "импичмент" for noun references and the verb phrase for actions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "импичмент" as a verb directly, e.g., "Я импичмент президента" instead of "Я объявляю импичмент президенту."

  Correct: Объявить импичмент президенту. Explanation: "Импичмент" is a noun, not a verb; English speakers often forget to add the appropriate verb like "объявить" for accuracy.

• Error: Incorrect case usage, e.g., "Обвинить импичмент" without the preposition.

  Correct: Обвинить в импичменте. Explanation: The preposition "в" is essential for proper syntax, as it governs the prepositional case in Russian legal phrases.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, "импичмент" is a relatively modern concept, borrowed from Western systems, and has been used in post-Soviet politics, such as discussions around Boris Yeltsin. It carries connotations of political upheaval and democracy, but in Russia, it's often viewed through the lens of state stability, reflecting a cultural emphasis on strong central authority over frequent challenges to leadership.

Related Concepts:

• Коррупция (corruption)
• Должностное преступление (official misconduct)
• Парламентский контроль (parliamentary oversight)