Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hyperbolic'

English Word: hyperbolic

Key Russian Translations:

• гиперболический [ɡʲɪpʲɪrbɐˈlʲitɕɪskʲɪj] - [Formal, Mathematical and Rhetorical Contexts]
• преувеличенный [prʲɪʊvʲɪlʲɪˈtɕɪnnɨj] - [Informal, Primarily Rhetorical]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, mathematical, and literary discussions, but less frequent in everyday conversation).

Difficulty: B2 (Upper Intermediate; requires familiarity with technical vocabulary and Russian adjective declensions).

Pronunciation (Russian):

гиперболический: [ɡʲɪpʲɪrbɐˈlʲitɕɪskʲɪj]

преувеличенный: [prʲɪʊvʲɪlʲɪˈtɕɪnnɨj]

Note on гиперболический: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("li"), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to the word's length and palatalized consonants.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to a hyperbola in mathematics (e.g., hyperbolic geometry or functions).

Translation(s) & Context:

• гиперболический - Used in formal mathematical or scientific contexts to describe curves or functions that follow hyperbolic properties.

Usage Examples:

• Гиперболическая функция часто используется в физике для моделирования траекторий.

  Hyperbolic function is often used in physics to model trajectories.

• В математике гиперболический параболоид имеет уникальные свойства.

  In mathematics, the hyperbolic paraboloid has unique properties.

• Этот график демонстрирует гиперболическую зависимость переменных.

  This graph demonstrates the hyperbolic relationship between variables.

• Гиперболическая геометрия отличается от евклидовой в своих аксиомах.

  Hyperbolic geometry differs from Euclidean geometry in its axioms.

Meaning 2: Exaggerated or overstated in rhetoric (e.g., hyperbolic statements for emphasis).

Translation(s) & Context:

• гиперболический - Used in formal literary or rhetorical analysis; less common in casual speech.
• преувеличенный - More common in informal contexts, such as everyday conversations or media, to describe over-the-top exaggeration.

Usage Examples:

• Его речь была полна преувеличенных утверждений, чтобы привлечь внимание.

  His speech was full of hyperbolic statements to grab attention.

• В литературе гиперболический стиль помогает подчеркнуть эмоции.

  In literature, the hyperbolic style helps to emphasize emotions.

• Она использовала преувеличенный тон, говоря, что это лучший день в её жизни.

  She used a hyperbolic tone, saying it was the best day of her life.

• Гиперболические описания в новостях иногда искажают реальность.

  Hyperbolic descriptions in the news sometimes distort reality.

• Преувеличенный рассказ друга заставил всех засмеяться.

  My friend's hyperbolic story made everyone laugh.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "гиперболический" and "преувеличенный" are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect according to gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a regular pattern of agreement with the nouns they modify.

These adjectives do not have irregular inflections, making them straightforward for learners once the basic patterns are mastered.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • преувеличительный (preuvelichitel'nyy) - Similar to hyperbolic but more focused on exaggeration devices.
  • чрезмерный (chrezmernыy) - Often used interchangeably in informal contexts for overstatement.
• Antonyms:
  • сдержанный (sderzhannыy) - Restrained or understated.
  • умеренный (umerennыy) - Moderate, the opposite of exaggerated.

Related Phrases:

• Гиперболическое преувеличение - Hyperbolic exaggeration; used in literary criticism to describe over-the-top rhetoric.
• Преувеличенная реакция - Exaggerated reaction; common in everyday discussions about emotional responses.
• Гиперболический угол - Hyperbolic angle; a term from mathematics, referring to angles in hyperbolic geometry.

Usage Notes:

• "Гиперболический" directly corresponds to the mathematical sense of "hyperbolic" and is preferred in technical contexts, while "преувеличенный" aligns more with rhetorical exaggeration in casual English usage.
• In Russian, these words must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, which is a key grammatical difference from English adjectives.
• Use "гиперболический" in formal writing or education, but opt for "преувеличенный" in spoken language to sound more natural.
• Be cautious with context: in rhetoric, Russian speakers might prefer idioms over direct translations for emphasis.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "гиперболический" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "гиперболический женщина" instead of "гиперболическая женщина".
  Correct: Ensure agreement, as in "гиперболическая женщина" (hyperbolic woman).
  Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender; this mistake often stems from English's lack of agreement.
• Error: Confusing with similar words like "гигантский" (gigantic), leading to misuse in exaggeration contexts.
  Correct: Use "преувеличенный" for rhetorical hyperbole, not "гигантский".
  Explanation: "Гигантский" implies size, not exaggeration, so context is crucial to avoid semantic errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, hyperbolic language is prevalent in literature and folklore, as seen in works by authors like Gogol, where exaggeration serves to satirize society. This reflects a broader Slavic tradition of using hyperbole for humor and emphasis, differing from more literal Western styles.

Related Concepts:

• эллиптический (ellipticheskiy)
• параболический (parabolicheskiy)
• риторический (ritoricheskiy)