Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hoarse'

English Word: hoarse

Key Russian Translations:

• хриплый /xrʲiplʲɪj/ - [Adjective, Descriptive, Used for voices or sounds]

Frequency: Medium (This word is commonly encountered in everyday conversations about health or voice descriptions, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR standards; learners at this level should be able to recognize and use it in context, though mastering its declensions may require practice.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

хриплый: /xrʲiplʲɪj/

Note on хриплый: The initial "х" is a voiceless velar fricative, similar to the "ch" in Scottish "loch." Be careful with the soft sign "ь" which affects the preceding consonant's pronunciation, making it palatalized.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Having a rough, harsh, or strained voice, often due to illness or overuse.

Translation(s) & Context:

• хриплый - Used in contexts describing vocal strain, such as after shouting or during a cold. Common in informal and formal settings, especially in health-related discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Его голос стал хриплым после долгого выступления. (His voice became hoarse after a long performance.)

  English Translation: His voice became hoarse after a long performance.

• Она говорила хриплым шепотом, чтобы не разбудить детей. (She spoke in a hoarse whisper so as not to wake the children.)

  English Translation: She spoke in a hoarse whisper so as not to wake the children.

• Из-за простуды мой хриплый голос звучал непривычно. (Due to the cold, my hoarse voice sounded unusual.)

  English Translation: Due to the cold, my hoarse voice sounded unusual.

• Концерт закончился, и певец имел хриплый, но эмоциональный финал. (The concert ended, and the singer had a hoarse but emotional finale.)

  English Translation: The concert ended, and the singer had a hoarse but emotional finale.

• После крика на матче футболиста голос стал хриплым и усталым. (After shouting at the match, the football player's voice became hoarse and tired.)

  English Translation: After shouting at the match, the football player's voice became hoarse and tired.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"хриплый" is an adjective in Russian, which means it changes based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern of agreement with the nouns they modify. This is a regular adjective, so it declines predictably.

Note: This adjective does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: охрипший (used for temporary hoarseness, often after speaking loudly); сиплый (similar, but implies a whistling or hissing quality)
• Antonyms: чистый (clear, pure); звонкий (resonant, ringing)

Related Phrases:

• хриплый голос - A hoarse voice (Commonly used to describe vocal conditions in medical or everyday contexts.)
• стать хриплым - To become hoarse (Used in narratives about voice changes, e.g., after illness.)
• хриплый шепот - A hoarse whisper (Implies speaking softly with a rough tone, often for dramatic effect.)

Usage Notes:

"Хриплый" directly corresponds to the English "hoarse" in describing vocal quality, but it's primarily an adjective that must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. It's neutral in terms of formality and can be used in both casual conversations (e.g., talking about a cold) and formal contexts (e.g., medical descriptions). When choosing between synonyms like "охрипший," opt for "хриплый" for a more general, ongoing state, whereas "охрипший" implies a recent change. Always ensure proper declension to avoid grammatical errors in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "хриплый" without proper declension, e.g., saying "хриплый голоса" instead of "хриплого голоса" in genitive case.

  Correct Usage: хриплого голоса (of a hoarse voice). Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree with nouns, so learners often forget case endings, leading to ungrammatical sentences.

• Error: Confusing it with "сиплый," which means a different kind of rough sound, and using it interchangeably.

  Correct Usage: Use "хриплый" for hoarse voices specifically, not "сиплый" which implies a hissing quality. Explanation: This mix-up can alter the intended meaning, so context is key.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, a "hoarse" voice like "хриплый" is often associated with passion or intensity in performances, such as in theater or singing. For instance, it's romanticized in folk songs or poetry where a rough voice symbolizes emotion or hardship, reflecting historical narratives of resilience in Russian literature.

Related Concepts:

• голос (voice)
• простуда (cold)
• эмоциональный (emotional)