Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hydroxide'

English Word: hydroxide

Key Russian Translations:

• гидроксид [ɡʲɪdrɐˈksʲɪd] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific and technical contexts, such as chemistry and industry, but not in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it requires familiarity with chemical terminology and basic Russian noun inflections)

Pronunciation (Russian):

гидроксид: [ɡʲɪdrɐˈksʲɪd]

Note on гидроксид: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ksʲɪd"), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to the palatalized consonants [ʲ] and the rolled [r]. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The hydroxide ion or hydroxide compounds (e.g., in chemistry, referring to OH⁻ or compounds like sodium hydroxide)

Translation(s) & Context:

• гидроксид - Used in formal scientific, chemical, or industrial contexts to refer to hydroxide ions or compounds, such as in laboratory settings or chemical equations.

Usage Examples:

• В растворе присутствует гидроксид натрия, который используется для нейтрализации кислот.

  In the solution, sodium hydroxide is present, which is used to neutralize acids.

• Гидроксид кальция часто применяется в строительстве для производства цемента.

  Calcium hydroxide is often used in construction for producing cement.

• Реакция гидроксида с кислотой приводит к образованию соли и воды.

  The reaction of hydroxide with an acid results in the formation of a salt and water.

• В анализе воды важно измерять концентрацию гидроксида для определения pH.

  In water analysis, it's important to measure the concentration of hydroxide to determine the pH.

• Гидроксид аммония используется в лабораторных экспериментах как слабое основание.

  Ammonium hydroxide is used in laboratory experiments as a weak base.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Гидроксид" is a masculine noun in Russian, belonging to the third declension. It follows regular patterns for most cases but may vary based on context. Below is a table outlining its inflections for singular and plural forms:

Note: The word is invariant in terms of gender but changes predictably with cases. In scientific writing, the nominative form is most common.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гидроксильная группа (gidroksil'naya gruppa) - Refers specifically to the OH group, often used interchangeably in organic chemistry contexts.
  • щелочное соединение (shchelochnoe soedinenie) - A broader term for alkaline compounds, with subtle differences in specificity.
• Antonyms:
  • кислота (kislota) - Acid, as hydroxides are bases and directly oppose acids in chemical reactions.

Related Phrases:

• щелочной гидроксид (shchelochnyy gidroksid) - Alkaline hydroxide; a common phrase in chemistry referring to strong bases like sodium hydroxide.
• гидроксид металла (gidroksid metalla) - Metal hydroxide; used when discussing compounds like calcium hydroxide in industrial applications.
• растворимый гидроксид (rastvorimyy gidroksid) - Soluble hydroxide; refers to hydroxides that dissolve in water, with implications for chemical reactions.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "гидроксид" directly corresponds to the English "hydroxide" in scientific contexts, particularly in chemistry and pharmacology. It is typically used in formal or technical writing and speech, avoiding informal settings. When translating, ensure the context specifies the type of hydroxide (e.g., sodium hydroxide as "гидроксид натрия"). Grammatically, as a masculine noun, it requires appropriate adjective agreements (e.g., "растворимый гидроксид" for "soluble hydroxide"). If multiple translations exist, choose based on precision: "гидроксид" is the most straightforward for general use, but "гидроксильная группа" is better for organic chemistry.

Common Errors:

• Common Error: Mispronouncing the word as [ɡɪdrɒkˈsɪd] without the palatalized [ʲ] sound, which makes it sound unnatural in Russian.

  Correct Usage: Use [ɡʲɪdrɐˈksʲɪd] and practice the soft consonants. Example: Incorrect - "гидроксид" pronounced flatly; Correct - "гидроксид" with emphasis on palatalization.

• Common Error: Forgetting to inflect the noun in sentences, such as using the nominative form in all cases (e.g., saying "реакция гидроксид" instead of "реакция гидроксида").

  Correct Usage: Always adjust for case, e.g., "реакция гидроксида" in genitive contexts. This error often stems from direct word-for-word translation from English.

Cultural Notes:

While "гидроксид" is primarily a scientific term without strong cultural connotations, it reflects Russia's emphasis on chemistry and industrial sciences due to its historical advancements in fields like petrochemistry. In educational contexts, such as in Russian schools or universities, terms like this are integral to STEM curricula, highlighting the importance of precise language in technical fields.

Related Concepts:

• кислота (kislota)
• щелочь (shcheloch')
• ион (ion)
• раствор (rastvor)