Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hydrochloric'

English Word: hydrochloric

Key Russian Translations:

• соляная кислота [sɐˈlʲanəjə kʲɪˈslota] - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in scientific, chemical, and educational contexts, but not in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and basic chemistry knowledge in Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

соляная кислота: [sɐˈlʲanəjə kʲɪˈslota]

Note on соляная кислота: The stress falls on the third syllable of "кислота" (kʲɪˈslota), which can be tricky for learners due to Russian's variable stress patterns. Pronounce the "лʲ" as a soft "l" sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: An adjective referring to hydrochloric acid, a strong acid used in chemistry, often in the context of "hydrochloric acid" itself.

Translation(s) & Context:

• соляная кислота - Used in formal scientific, laboratory, or educational settings to describe the chemical compound hydrochloric acid.

Usage Examples:

• В лаборатории часто применяют соляную кислоту для очистки оборудования.

  In the laboratory, hydrochloric acid is often used to clean equipment. (This example shows the word in a practical chemical context.)

• Соляная кислота является ключевым реагентом в реакции нейтрализации.

  Hydrochloric acid is a key reagent in neutralization reactions. (Demonstrates usage in describing chemical processes.)

• Производство соляной кислоты требует строгих мер безопасности.

  The production of hydrochloric acid requires strict safety measures. (Illustrates the word in an industrial or safety-related context.)

• В школьном курсе химии изучают свойства соляной кислоты.

  In the school chemistry course, the properties of hydrochloric acid are studied. (Shows educational usage.)

• Соляная кислота может разъедать металлы, если не использовать защитные перчатки.

  Hydrochloric acid can corrode metals if protective gloves are not used. (Highlights a warning or descriptive context.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"соляная кислота" is a noun phrase consisting of an adjective ("соляная") and a feminine noun ("кислота"). The adjective agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case, while "кислота" follows standard first-declension patterns for feminine nouns ending in -a.

Key inflections for "кислота" (feminine noun):

The adjective "соляная" changes as follows in different cases (e.g., Genitive: соляной кислоты). It is invariable in gender agreement with "кислота" but must match its case and number.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • хлороводородная кислота (more precise chemical term, used in advanced scientific contexts to emphasize the hydrogen chloride component)
  • соляной раствор (refers to a solution of hydrochloric acid, with subtle differences in concentration)
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as "hydrochloric" is a specific chemical descriptor. However, in broader chemical contexts, bases like "щёлочь" (alkali) could be considered opposites.

Related Phrases:

• раствор соляной кислоты - A solution of hydrochloric acid; used in lab experiments or industrial processes.
• концентрированная соляная кислота - Concentrated hydrochloric acid; refers to a highly potent form with safety implications.
• реакция с соляной кислотой - Reaction with hydrochloric acid; common in chemical equations and descriptions.

Usage Notes:

The English word "hydrochloric" directly corresponds to the Russian "соляная кислота" in chemical contexts, but it's important to note that Russian often uses this phrase as a noun rather than an adjective. Use "соляная кислота" in formal or technical writing; avoid it in casual conversation. When translating phrases like "hydrochloric solution," opt for "раствор соляной кислоты" for accuracy. Be mindful of grammatical agreement: the adjective must match the noun's case, number, and gender. For learners, start with basic chemistry texts to encounter this term naturally.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "гидрохлорид" incorrectly, assuming it's a direct cognate (it's related but means "hydrochloride" as in salts, not the acid itself).

  Correct: соляная кислота for hydrochloric acid. Example: Incorrect - "Гидрохлорид используется в лаборатории." Correct - "Соляная кислота используется в лаборатории." Explanation: "Гидрохлорид" refers to compounds like sodium hydrochloride, not the acid.

• Error: Failing to decline the noun properly, e.g., using nominative in all cases.

  Correct: In genitive contexts, say "реакции с соляной кислотой" instead of "реакции с соляная кислота." Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

"Соляная кислота" is primarily a scientific term without strong cultural connotations in everyday Russian life. However, it reflects Russia's emphasis on industrial and educational advancements in chemistry, stemming from the Soviet era's focus on science and technology. In popular culture, it might appear in educational media or crime dramas as a dangerous substance, symbolizing the risks of mishandling chemicals.

Related Concepts:

• кислота (acid)
• щёлочь (base or alkali)
• химическая реакция (chemical reaction)
• реактив (reagent)