Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hyperactive'

English Word: hyperactive

Key Russian Translations:

• гиперактивный (ɡʲɪpərɐˈktʲɪvnɨj) - [Formal, Adjective]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical, psychological, and educational contexts, but not in everyday casual conversation).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian adjectives and medical terminology, making it challenging for beginners).

Pronunciation (Russian):

гиперактивный: ɡʲɪpərɐˈktʲɪvnɨj

Note on гиперактивный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ktʲɪ"), which is common in Russian loanwords. Be mindful of the palatalized 'k' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Overly active or energetic, often in a disruptive or uncontrollable way (e.g., in the context of ADHD or behavior in children).

Translation(s) & Context:

• гиперактивный - Used in formal or medical settings to describe someone with excessive activity levels, such as a child with attention deficit issues.

Usage Examples:

• Мой сын гиперактивный, и ему трудно сосредоточиться в школе.

  My son is hyperactive, and it's hard for him to focus in school.

• Гиперактивный ребенок часто нуждается в специальной терапии.

  A hyperactive child often needs special therapy.

• В этой группе есть несколько гиперактивных участников, что делает уроки хаотичными.

  In this group, there are several hyperactive participants, which makes the lessons chaotic.

• Гиперактивный стиль жизни может привести к выгоранию, если не контролировать его.

  A hyperactive lifestyle can lead to burnout if it's not managed.

• Доктор диагностировал у нее гиперактивность как симптом более серьезного расстройства.

  The doctor diagnosed her hyperactivity as a symptom of a more serious disorder.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Гиперактивный" is an adjective in Russian, which means it changes based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard pattern for adjectives ending in -ый. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective is regular, so it doesn't have irregular forms, making it easier to learn once the basic patterns are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • возбудимый (vozbuzhimyj) - More general, implying excitability; often used in emotional contexts.
  • непоседливый (neposedlivyj) - Specifically for children, meaning restless or fidgety.
• Antonyms:
  • спокойный (spokojnyj) - Calm or peaceful.
  • апатичный (apatichnyj) - Apathetic or lacking energy.

Related Phrases:

• Гиперактивное поведение (Hyperactive behavior) - Refers to actions that are excessively energetic and hard to control.
• Синдром гиперактивности (Hyperactivity syndrome) - A common phrase for ADHD-related conditions in medical contexts.
• Гиперактивный ребенок в классе (A hyperactive child in the classroom) - Used to describe disruptive behavior in educational settings.

Usage Notes:

"Гиперактивный" directly corresponds to "hyperactive" in English, particularly in psychological or medical contexts, but it's more formal and less common in everyday Russian speech. Use it in professional settings like doctor visits or educational discussions. Be aware of gender and case agreements, as Russian adjectives must match the noun they describe (e.g., use "гиперактивная" for feminine nouns). When choosing between synonyms like "непоседливый," opt for "гиперактивный" if the context involves clinical diagnoses for precision.

• It's often paired with nouns like "ребенок" (child) or "поведение" (behavior).
• Avoid using it in informal conversations; instead, Russians might say something more colloquial like "очень подвижный" (very mobile).

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse the gender or case of "гиперактивный," such as saying "гиперактивный ребенок" for a girl (should be "гиперактивная ребенок," but wait—actually, "ребенок" is masculine, so it's correct; more commonly, for a girl, you'd say "гиперактивная девочка"). A frequent mistake is confusing it with "активный" (active), which is less intense. For example:

• Incorrect: Она гиперактивный. (Wrong gender agreement; should be "Она гиперактивная." because "она" is feminine.)
• Correct: Она гиперактивная. (Properly inflected.)
• Explanation: Always check the noun's gender and case to ensure the adjective matches; this is a common pitfall for speakers of genderless languages like English.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of "гиперактивность" is often discussed in the context of education and child-rearing, influenced by Soviet-era psychology. Terms like this gained prominence with the adoption of Western diagnoses like ADHD, but there's a cultural emphasis on discipline and collective behavior in schools, so "гиперактивный" children might be seen as needing correction rather than just medical attention.

Related Concepts:

• АДГС (ADHS - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
• Нервозность (Nervousness)
• Эмоциональная возбудимость (Emotional excitability)