Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'husbandry'

English Word: husbandry

Key Russian Translations:

• сельское хозяйство /ˈsʲɛlʲskəjə xɐˈzajstvə/ - [Formal, General usage]
• животноводство /ʐɨˈvotnəvɐtstvə/ - [Formal, Specific to animal rearing]

Frequency: Medium (Commonly used in agricultural, educational, and professional contexts, but not everyday conversation).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of compound nouns and contextual vocabulary, with "сельское хозяйство" being standard and "животноводство" slightly more advanced due to its specificity).

Pronunciation (Russian):

сельское хозяйство: /ˈsʲɛlʲskəjə xɐˈzajstvə/ (Stress on the third syllable of "хозяйство"; the 'сʲ' sound is a soft 's', common in Russian nouns.)

Note on сельское хозяйство: Be cautious with the soft consonants; this word often appears in formal speeches or texts. Variations in regional accents may soften vowels further.

животноводство: /ʐɨˈvotnəvɐtstvə/ (Stress on the second syllable; the 'ʐ' is a voiced retroflex fricative, similar to 'zh' in "measure".)

Note on животноводство: This term has a more technical pronunciation; practice the rolling 'r' sound for accuracy. Regional dialects might alter vowel length.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

General meaning: The practice of farming, including soil cultivation and animal care.

Translation(s) & Context:

• сельское хозяйство - Used in broad contexts like agriculture policy or education, emphasizing overall farm management.
• животноводство - Applied specifically to animal husbandry, such as in veterinary or livestock industries.

Usage Examples:

• В современном сельском хозяйстве используются передовые технологии для повышения урожайности.

  In modern husbandry, advanced technologies are used to increase crop yields.

• Животноводство в России имеет давние традиции, включая разведение коров и овец.

  Animal husbandry in Russia has long traditions, including breeding cows and sheep.

• Успех в сельском хозяйстве зависит от знания климатических условий и почвы.

  Success in husbandry depends on knowledge of climatic conditions and soil.

• Молодые фермеры изучают животноводство, чтобы улучшить качество продукции.

  Young farmers study animal husbandry to improve product quality.

• Сельское хозяйство играет ключевую роль в экономике многих стран, включая устойчивое развитие.

  Husbandry plays a key role in the economy of many countries, including sustainable development.

Specific meaning: The scientific management of domestic animals.

Translation(s) & Context:

• животноводство - Common in contexts involving animal welfare, breeding, and veterinary science.

Usage Examples:

• Животноводство требует тщательного ухода за скотом, чтобы предотвратить болезни.

  Husbandry requires careful care of livestock to prevent diseases.

• В курсе животноводства студенты учатся правильному кормлению животных.

  In the husbandry course, students learn proper feeding of animals.

• Современное животноводство интегрирует технологии для мониторинга здоровья стада.

  Modern husbandry integrates technologies for monitoring herd health.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "сельское хозяйство" and "животноводство" are neuter nouns in Russian, which follow standard declension patterns for compound nouns. They are invariant in most forms but can change in specific grammatical contexts.

These nouns do not have plural forms in standard usage as they refer to fields of activity. Note the irregular adjustments in endings based on case, typical for Russian neuter nouns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • агрономия (/ɐɡrəˈnomʲɪjə/) - More focused on crop science, often interchangeable in agricultural contexts.
  • фермерство (/fʲɪrˈmʲerstvə/) - Emphasizes practical farming, less formal than сельское хозяйство.
• Antonyms:
  • промышленность (/prəˈmʲiʂlʲənstʲ/) - Refers to industry, contrasting with agricultural practices.
  • городская жизнь (/ɡɐˈrɔtskəjə ʐɨzʲnʲ/) - Urban life, opposing rural or farm-based activities.

Related Phrases:

• Устойчивое сельское хозяйство - Sustainable husbandry; refers to environmentally friendly farming practices.
• Развитие животноводства - Development of animal husbandry; used in economic or policy discussions.
• Современные методы сельского хозяйства - Modern methods of husbandry; highlights technological advancements in agriculture.

Usage Notes:

"Сельское хозяйство" directly corresponds to the broader English term "husbandry," encompassing both crop and animal management, and is preferred in formal or academic settings. "Животноводство" is more precise for animal-related aspects. Be mindful of context: in Russian, these terms often appear in official documents or educational materials. When choosing between translations, opt for "сельское хозяйство" for general discussions and "животноводство" for specialized topics. Grammatically, always ensure agreement with adjectives and cases, as Russian nouns require this for fluency.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "сельское хозяйство" interchangeably with "ферма" (farm), which is too literal and doesn't capture the scientific aspect. Correct: "Сельское хозяйство" implies practices, not just a location. Example: Incorrect: "Моя ферма — это сельское хозяйство." Correct: "Моя ферма занимается сельским хозяйством." Explanation: "Ферма" is a physical place, while "сельское хозяйство" is the activity.
• Mistake: Forgetting case changes in sentences, e.g., using nominative in genitive contexts. Correct: Learn basic declensions to avoid this. Example: Incorrect: "Книга о сельское хозяйство" (wrong case). Correct: "Книга о сельском хозяйстве." Explanation: Russian requires case agreement for prepositions like "о."

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "сельское хозяйство" and "животноводство" evoke a deep historical connection to rural life, stemming from Russia's agrarian past. Terms like these are prominent in literature by authors such as Tolstoy, who depicted farming as a symbol of national identity and resilience. Understanding these words can help English speakers appreciate the cultural emphasis on land and self-sufficiency in Russian society.

Related Concepts:

• аграрный сектор (agrarian sector)
• экология (ecology)
• фермерские кооперативы (farmer cooperatives)