Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'humanism'

English Word: humanism

Key Russian Translations:

• гуманизм [ɡʊˈmanʲɪzm] - [Formal, used in philosophical and academic contexts]
• гуманистическое мировоззрение [ɡʊmɐˈnʲistʲikəje mʲɪˈrovəzrʲenʲije] - [Formal, Informal in discussions, refers to a broader worldview]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, philosophical, and literary discussions, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and Russian nominal declensions; for 'гуманизм', it's straightforward, but contextual usage may vary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

гуманизм: [ɡʊˈmanʲɪzm]

гуманистическое мировоззрение: [ɡʊmɐˈnʲistʲikəje mʲɪˈrovəzrʲenʲije]

Note on гуманизм: The stress is on the second syllable ('ma'), which is a common point of difficulty for English speakers due to Russian stress patterns. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Philosophical and cultural movement emphasizing human values, reason, and ethics (e.g., Renaissance humanism)

Translation(s) & Context:

• гуманизм - Used in formal contexts like philosophy, education, or literature to describe a system of thought centered on human potential and secular values.
• гуманистическое мировоззрение - Applied in broader discussions, such as modern psychology or ethics, to denote a humanistic worldview.

Usage Examples:

• Гуманизм повлиял на развитие европейской культуры в эпоху Возрождения.

  Humanism influenced the development of European culture during the Renaissance era.

• В современном обществе гуманизм подчеркивает важность прав человека и этических норм.

  In modern society, humanism emphasizes the importance of human rights and ethical standards.

• Его гуманистическое мировоззрение помогло ему стать успешным психологом.

  His humanistic worldview helped him become a successful psychologist.

• Гуманизм как идеология отвергает религиозные догмы в пользу рационального мышления.

  Humanism as an ideology rejects religious dogmas in favor of rational thinking.

• В образовательных системах гуманизм способствует развитию творческих способностей у детей.

  In educational systems, humanism promotes the development of creative abilities in children.

2. A general attitude of kindness and concern for human welfare

Translation(s) & Context:

• гуманизм - In everyday or informal contexts, it can refer to compassionate behavior, though less common than in philosophical settings.

Usage Examples:

• Его действия были проникнуты духом гуманизма, помогая нуждающимся.

  His actions were imbued with the spirit of humanism, helping those in need.

• Гуманизм в медицине означает приоритет человеческой жизни над всем остальным.

  Humanism in medicine means prioritizing human life above all else.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Гуманизм' is a masculine noun (мужской род) that follows the standard third declension pattern for abstract nouns in Russian. It is indeclinable in most cases due to its foreign origin, but can show changes in some contexts. Below is a table of its basic forms:

For 'гуманистическое мировоззрение', it is a noun phrase: 'гуманистическое' is an adjective that agrees with 'мировоззрение' (neuter noun), so it changes based on case, number, and gender. It follows regular adjective declension rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гуманность (emphasizes kindness and benevolence, often in ethical contexts)
  • человечность (focuses on human qualities, more everyday usage)
• Antonyms:
  • антигуманизм (direct opposition, used in ideological debates)
  • жестокость (cruelty, contrasting with humane aspects)

Related Phrases:

• Принципы гуманизма - Principles of humanism (refers to core ideas like reason and human dignity)
• Гуманистическая традиция - Humanistic tradition (used in cultural or historical contexts)
• Дух гуманизма - Spirit of humanism (implies an inspirational or motivational aspect)

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'гуманизм' directly corresponds to the English 'humanism' in philosophical contexts, but it may carry a more formal or academic connotation. English speakers should note that Russian often pairs it with adjectives or in phrases to specify nuances, such as 'социальный гуманизм' for social humanism. Be cautious with gender agreement: as a masculine noun, it requires masculine adjectives. When choosing between translations, use 'гуманизм' for standalone concepts and 'гуманистическое мировоззрение' for broader worldviews.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'гуманизм' interchangeably with 'гуманность' without context. Incorrect: 'Его гуманность повлияла на культуру' (implies simple kindness). Correct: 'Его гуманизм повлиял на культуру' (for philosophical influence). Explanation: 'Гуманность' focuses on personal benevolence, while 'гуманизм' is ideological.

• Error: Forgetting declension in sentences, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Incorrect: 'О гуманизм' (wrong genitive). Correct: 'О гуманизме'. Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'гуманизм' is deeply tied to literary and philosophical traditions, such as those in the works of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, who explored humanistic themes amid social reforms. It also reflects the influence of Western ideas during the Enlightenment, contrasting with Russia's historical emphasis on collectivism and spirituality.

Related Concepts:

• философия (philosophy)
• культура (culture)
• этика (ethics)