Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hormone'

English Word: hormone

Key Russian Translations:

• гормон [ɡɐrˈmon] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical, biological, and scientific contexts, but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and basic Russian grammar, as it involves noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

гормон: [ɡɐrˈmon]

Note on гормон: The stress is on the second syllable ('mon'). The 'г' is pronounced as a voiced velar fricative, similar to the 'g' in "go", but softer in Russian. Be mindful of the vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A chemical substance produced in the body that regulates physiological processes.

Translation(s) & Context:

• гормон - Used in formal scientific, medical, or educational contexts to refer to hormones in biology, such as those involved in growth or metabolism.

Usage Examples:

• В организме человека гормоны регулируют рост и метаболизм.

  In the human body, hormones regulate growth and metabolism.

• Избыток гормонов может привести к гормональным нарушениям.

  An excess of hormones can lead to hormonal disorders.

• Гормоны щитовидной железы влияют на уровень энергии.

  Thyroid hormones affect energy levels.

• Во время беременности уровень гормонов в крови женщины повышается.

  During pregnancy, the level of hormones in a woman's blood increases.

• Гормоны, такие как адреналин, отвечают за реакцию на стресс.

  Hormones like adrenaline are responsible for the response to stress.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Гормон" is a masculine noun in Russian (3rd declension). It follows standard masculine noun patterns with regular inflections for cases and numbers. Below is a table outlining its key forms:

Note: The word is regular and does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic declensions are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • эндокринный фактор (endokrinnyi faktor) - Used in more technical contexts, emphasizing the endocrine system aspect.
  • гормональный агент (gormonal'nyi agent) - Less common, implies a broader agent in hormonal processes.
• Antonyms:
  • негормональный фактор (negormonal'nyi faktor) - Refers to non-hormonal influences in biological processes.

Related Phrases:

• Гормональный баланс (Gormonal'nyi balans) - Hormonal balance; Refers to the equilibrium of hormones in the body, often discussed in health contexts.
• Гормональная терапия (Gormonal'naya terapiya) - Hormone therapy; A treatment method using hormones, common in medicine for various conditions.
• Выработка гормонов (Vyrobka gormonov) - Hormone production; Describes the process of hormone synthesis in glands.

Usage Notes:

• The Russian term "гормон" directly corresponds to the English "hormone" in scientific and medical fields, but it's primarily used in formal settings. English speakers should note that Russian often requires the appropriate case based on sentence structure, e.g., genitive for possession.
• In everyday conversation, Russians might use more descriptive phrases if the context isn't strictly scientific, so "гормон" is best in educational or professional scenarios.
• When choosing between synonyms like "эндокринный фактор," opt for "гормон" for simplicity unless a more detailed explanation is needed.
• Grammar tip: Always decline the noun according to its role in the sentence to avoid sounding unnatural.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "гормон" in the wrong case, e.g., saying "избыток гормон" instead of "избыток гормона" (genitive case). Correct: избыток гормона. Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case with prepositions and governing words; this mistake can make the sentence grammatically incorrect.
• Error: Confusing it with similar-sounding words like "гормональный" (adjectival form), leading to misuse in phrases. Correct: Use "гормональный" as an adjective, e.g., "гормональный уровень" for "hormonal level." Explanation: "Гормон" is a noun, while "гормональный" modifies other words, so context is key.
• Error: Overgeneralizing to non-biological contexts; in Russian, it's strictly for physiological hormones. Correct: Avoid using it for metaphorical senses, as in English. Explanation: This can lead to confusion in communication, as Russian prefers precise terminology.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and media, discussions around "гормон" often tie into health and wellness trends, influenced by Soviet-era medical advancements. For instance, hormones are frequently mentioned in contexts of traditional medicine or modern psychology, reflecting a cultural emphasis on holistic well-being and state-provided healthcare systems.

Related Concepts:

• эндокринная система (endokrinnaia sistema)
• метаболизм (metabolizm)
• гормональный цикл (gormonal'nyi tsikl)