Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hormonal'

English Word: hormonal

Key Russian Translations:

• гормональный [ɡɐrˈmonəlʲnɨj] - [Formal]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical, scientific, and everyday contexts related to biology, but not in casual conversation).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and adjective declensions in Russian, making it challenging for beginners but manageable for those with intermediate vocabulary).

Pronunciation (Russian):

гормональный: [ɡɐrˈmonəlʲnɨj]

Note on гормональный: The stress is on the third syllable ("mon"), and the "лʲ" sound is a soft "l" which can be tricky for English speakers—pronounce it like the "l" in "million" but softer. Pay attention to the palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to hormones in a biological or medical context

Translation(s) & Context:

• гормональный - Used in formal scientific or medical discussions, such as describing hormonal imbalances or systems in the body.

Usage Examples:

• Гормональный сбой может вызвать проблемы с метаболизмом.

  A hormonal imbalance can cause problems with metabolism.

• В подростковом возрасте происходят значительные гормональные изменения.

  Significant hormonal changes occur during adolescence.

• Лекарство влияет на гормональный фон организма.

  The medication affects the body's hormonal background.

• Гормональный цикл у женщин регулирует менструацию.

  The hormonal cycle in women regulates menstruation.

Meaning 2: Informal reference to mood swings or emotional states caused by hormones (e.g., in everyday language)

Translation(s) & Context:

• гормональный - Used informally to describe emotional volatility, often in a light-hearted or colloquial way, such as in discussions about PMS or puberty.

Usage Examples:

• Она сегодня в гормональном настроении из-за стресса.

  She's in a hormonal mood today because of stress.

• Гормональные вспышки иногда делают людей импульсивными.

  Hormonal surges sometimes make people impulsive.

• Подростки часто винят гормональные изменения в своих эмоциональных реакциях.

  Teenagers often blame hormonal changes for their emotional reactions.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Гормональный" is an adjective in Russian, and like most adjectives, it follows regular declension patterns based on gender, number, and case. It does not have irregular forms but must agree with the noun it modifies.

Note: This adjective does not change in comparative or superlative forms unless modified (e.g., более гормональный for "more hormonal").

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • эндокринный (endokrinnyy) - More specific to endocrine systems, often used interchangeably in medical contexts.
  • гормоносодержащий (gormonosoderzhashchiy) - Implies containing hormones, with a slight nuance for substances or products.
• Antonyms:
  • негормональный (negormonal'nyy) - Directly opposite, meaning non-hormonal or unrelated to hormones.
  • неэндокринный (neendokrinnyy) - Less common, emphasizing the absence of endocrine involvement.

Related Phrases:

• Гормональный сбой - Hormonal imbalance; commonly used in health discussions to describe disruptions.
• Гормональный фон - Hormonal background; refers to the overall hormonal state of the body.
• Гормональная терапия - Hormonal therapy; a fixed phrase for medical treatments involving hormones.
• Гормональные колебания - Hormonal fluctuations; used to describe changes, especially in emotional or menstrual contexts.

Usage Notes:

"Гормональный" directly corresponds to the English "hormonal" in both scientific and informal uses, but it's more commonly employed in formal contexts in Russian. Be mindful of gender, number, and case agreement when using it with nouns. For informal emotional references, it's less stigmatized in Russian culture than in English, so it's often used straightforwardly. When choosing between translations, opt for "гормональный" for general purposes, but "эндокринный" if the focus is strictly on the endocrine system. Avoid overuse in casual speech to prevent sounding overly technical.

Common Errors:

• Error: Forgetting to decline the adjective properly, e.g., saying "гормональный проблема" instead of "гормональная проблема" (for a feminine noun like "проблема").

  Correct: Гормональная проблема (Hormonal problem). Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify; this is a common mistake for English speakers who treat adjectives as invariable.

• Error: Using it without context, leading to misunderstandings, e.g., translating "hormonal mood" as just "гормональный" without specifying the emotional aspect.

  Correct: Specify with additional words, like "гормональное настроение" (hormonal mood). Explanation: Provide full phrases to convey nuances, as isolated words can lose meaning in Russian.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussions around "гормональный" often tie into broader themes of health and psychology, especially in the context of family or women's health. For instance, it's frequently mentioned in media related to motherhood or aging, reflecting a societal emphasis on holistic well-being rather than stigmatizing emotional changes as in some English-speaking cultures.

Related Concepts:

• Эндокринная система (Endocrine system)
• Гормоны (Hormones)
• Пубертат (Puberty)
• Менопауза (Menopause)