Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hepatic'

English Word: hepatic

Key Russian Translations:

• Печёночный [pʲɪˈt͡ɕonət͡ɕnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• Гепатический [ɡʲɪpɐˈtʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj] - [Medical, Technical]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in medical or scientific contexts; not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian adjective declensions and medical vocabulary.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Печёночный: [pʲɪˈt͡ɕonət͡ɕnɨj]

Note on Печёночный: The stress falls on the third syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'т' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers.

Audio: []

Гепатический: [ɡʲɪpɐˈtʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj]

Note on Гепатический: Pronounce the initial 'г' as a voiced velar fricative; this word is often used in formal settings and has less variation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Relating to the liver

Translation(s) & Context:

• Печёночный - Used in general medical or biological contexts to describe something pertaining to the liver, such as in anatomy or health discussions.
• Гепатический - Employed in specialized medical terminology, often in reference to liver diseases or treatments.

Usage Examples:

• У него печёночный цирроз. (U nego pechyonotchnyy tsirroz.)

  He has liver cirrhosis. (This example shows the adjective in a diagnostic context, highlighting its use with nouns in medical reports.)

• Гепатический фермент повышен. (Gepaticheskiy ferment povyshen.)

  The hepatic enzyme is elevated. (Demonstrates the term in a lab test scenario, emphasizing technical language in healthcare.)

• Печёночный канал заблокирован. (Pechyonotchnyy kanal zabytokirovan.)

  The hepatic duct is blocked. (Illustrates the adjective in anatomical descriptions, showing its flexibility in singular contexts.)

• Лечение гепатического заболевания. (Lecheniye gepaticheskogo zabolevaniya.)

  Treatment of hepatic disease. (This shows the word in a therapeutic context, varying the sentence structure for broader application.)

• Печёночный отвар из трав. (Pechyonotchnyy otvar iz trav.)

  Hepatic herbal infusion. (Example in alternative medicine, demonstrating everyday vs. formal usage.)

Secondary Meaning: Pertaining to liver functions in a broader sense

Translation(s) & Context:

• Печёночный - In educational or metaphorical contexts, such as discussing liver health in nutrition.

Usage Examples:

• Печёночный баланс важен для здоровья. (Pechyonotchnyy balans vazhen dlya zdorov'ya.)

  Hepatic balance is important for health. (This highlights the adjective in wellness discussions, showing its role in abstract concepts.)

• Гепатический эффект от лекарства. (Gepaticheskiy effekt ot lekarstva.)

  The hepatic effect of the medication. (Illustrates side effects in pharmacology, varying the grammatical structure.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both translations are adjectives and follow standard Russian adjective declension patterns, which are regular but require attention to gender, number, and case.

Note: These adjectives do not have irregular forms but must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Печеночный (a less formal variant, often used interchangeably)
  • Гепато- (as a prefix in compound words, e.g., гепатопротектор)
• Antonyms:
  • Не печёночный (Not hepatic, but this is not a single word; contextually, words like внепечёночный for extra-hepatic)

Synonyms like "Печеночный" are similar but may imply a more everyday tone, while "Гепато-" is used in technical compounds for precision.

Related Phrases:

• Печёночная недостаточность - Liver failure (A common medical phrase referring to impaired liver function.)
• Гепатический колит - Hepatic colitis (Used in discussions of liver-related inflammation.)
• Печёночный тест - Liver test (A phrase for diagnostic procedures.)

Usage Notes:

• Печёночный is a more general term and directly corresponds to "hepatic" in everyday medical English, but it's less common in casual speech. Use it when discussing anatomy or basic health.
• Гепатический is preferred in professional or scientific contexts due to its Greek-derived root, similar to English medical terminology. Choose this for precision in reports or research.
• Always ensure adjective agreement with the noun; for example, use the feminine form with feminine nouns like "печень" (liver, which is feminine).
• In formal writing, Гепатический might be favored for its specificity, while Печёночный suits educational materials.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the base form without declension, e.g., saying "печёночный" with a feminine noun without changing to "печёночная".
  Correct: Печёночная болезнь (Hepatic disease) instead of *Печёночный болезнь*.
  Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case; this mistake can make sentences grammatically incorrect.
• Error: Confusing with similar-sounding words like "печной" (pertaining to a stove).
  Correct: Use Печёночный only for liver-related contexts.
  Explanation: Pronunciation similarities can lead to mix-ups, so context is key to avoid semantic errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and medicine, terms like "Печёночный" reflect the influence of historical scientific exchanges, particularly from German and Greek traditions. Liver health is emphasized in traditional Russian herbal remedies, such as those using birch or milk thistle, symbolizing a holistic approach to wellness that dates back to folk medicine practices.

Related Concepts:

• Печень (Liver)
• Гепатит (Hepatitis)
• Цирроз (Cirrhosis)