Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'heave'

English Word: heave

Key Russian Translations:

• поднимать [pɐdˈnʲimatʲ] - [Verb, Formal; used for lifting or hauling with effort]
• рвать [rvatʲ] - [Verb, Informal; used specifically for vomiting or retching]
• качка [ˈkatʂkə] - [Noun, Neutral; used for the swell or heaving motion of the sea]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday contexts like physical labor, health, or nautical descriptions, but not as frequent as basic verbs)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and context for accurate usage; for 'рвать', it might be B2 due to its emotional connotations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

поднимать: [pɐdˈnʲimatʲ]

Note on поднимать: The stress falls on the second syllable ('nʲi'), which is a common point of difficulty for English speakers due to Russian's mobile stress patterns. Pronounce with a soft 'n' sound.

рвать: [rvatʲ]

Note on рвать: The 'r' is a trilled sound, and the final 'tʲ' is palatalized, making it softer; be cautious not to confuse with similar verbs like 'рычать' (to growl).

качка: [ˈkatʂkə]

Note on качка: The 'ч' is a voiceless palatal fricative, similar to 'ch' in 'loch'; stress on the first syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To lift or haul with great effort (as a verb)

Translation(s) & Context:

• поднимать - Used in contexts involving physical exertion, such as moving heavy objects; common in formal or descriptive writing.

Usage Examples:

• Они поднимают ящик на второй этаж. (They are heaving the box up to the second floor.)

  They are lifting the box up to the second floor with effort.

• Моряки поднимают якорь во время шторма. (The sailors are heaving the anchor during the storm.)

  The sailors are hauling the anchor during the storm, emphasizing struggle.

• Ему пришлось поднимать тяжёлый груз в одиночку. (He had to heave the heavy load by himself.)

  He had to lift the heavy load by himself, highlighting physical strain.

• Поднимать ребёнка на руки – это ежедневная рутина для родителей. (Heaving a child into one's arms is a daily routine for parents.)

  Lifting a child into one's arms is a daily routine for parents, in a caring context.

• В спортзале люди поднимают штангу, чтобы накачать мышцы. (In the gym, people are heaving weights to build muscles.)

  In the gym, people are lifting barbells to build muscles, in a fitness setting.

Meaning 2: To vomit or retch (as a verb)

Translation(s) & Context:

• рвать - Used in informal or medical contexts to describe nausea; avoid in polite conversation.

Usage Examples:

• После отравления он начал рвать всю ночь. (After the poisoning, he started to heave all night.)

  After the poisoning, he vomited all night, in a health-related context.

• Ей пришлось рвать из-за морской болезни. (She had to heave due to seasickness.)

  She had to vomit due to seasickness, linking to nautical themes.

• Ребёнок рвёт, потому что съел слишком много сладкого. (The child is heaving because he ate too much candy.)

  The child is vomiting because he ate too much candy, in a casual family scenario.

• Врачи советуют не рвать, а принять лекарство. (Doctors advise not to heave but to take medicine.)

  Doctors advise against vomiting and instead to take medicine, in a medical advice context.

Meaning 3: The swell or heaving motion of the sea (as a noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• качка - Used in nautical or descriptive contexts for wave motion; common in literature or travel descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Качка на корабле была такой сильной, что все чувствовали тошноту. (The heave of the ship was so strong that everyone felt nauseous.)

  The swell of the ship was so strong that everyone felt sick.

• Во время шторма качка мешала нормальному плаванию. (During the storm, the heave disrupted normal sailing.)

  During the storm, the wave motion interfered with smooth sailing.

• Качка океана завораживала путешественников. (The heave of the ocean fascinated the travelers.)

  The swell of the ocean captivated the travelers, in a poetic context.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'поднимать' (a verb), it follows the standard first conjugation pattern in Russian, which is regular but requires attention to aspect (imperfective). It is an imperfective verb; the perfective form is 'поднять'.

Person	Present Tense	Past Tense	Future Tense
I	поднимаю	поднимал(а)	буду поднимать
You (sg., informal)	поднимаешь	поднимал(а)	будешь поднимать
He/She/It	поднимает	поднимал(а)	будет поднимать
We	поднимаем	поднимали	будем поднимать
You (pl. or formal)	поднимаете	поднимали	будете поднимать
They	поднимают	поднимали	будут поднимать

For 'рвать' (verb), it is irregular in some forms due to its root. It has imperfective aspect; perfective is 'вырвать'.

For 'качка' (noun, feminine), it declines as a first-declension noun with no irregularities:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	качка	качки
Genitive	качки	качок
Dative	качке	качкам

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for поднимать: подымать (more archaic), тащить (to drag) - 'тащить' implies more pulling than lifting.
• Synonyms for рвать: тошнить (to feel nauseous), блювать (more vulgar synonym).
• Synonyms for качка: волнение (agitation of water).
• Antonyms: опускать (to lower, antonym of поднимать), успокаиваться (to calm down, for качка).

Related Phrases:

• Поднимать веса - Lifting weights (a common phrase in fitness contexts; refers to strength training).
• Рвать душу - To pour out one's soul (figurative for emotional upheaval, not literal vomiting).
• Качка на море - Sea heave (used in nautical descriptions for wave motion).

Usage Notes:

'Heave' translates variably in Russian based on context: 'поднимать' best matches physical effort, while 'рвать' is specific to nausea and should be used cautiously in informal settings. English speakers often confuse the nautical sense with 'качка', which is neutral and common in Russian literature. Grammatically, verbs like 'поднимать' require aspect consideration—use imperfective for ongoing actions. When choosing among translations, opt for 'поднимать' in everyday lifting scenarios and 'рвать' only for health-related contexts to avoid miscommunication.

Common Errors:

• Common mistake: Using 'рвать' interchangeably with 'to heave' in non-vomiting contexts, e.g., saying "Я рву ящик" instead of "Я поднимаю ящик". Correct usage: "Я поднимаю ящик" – This error stems from not distinguishing verb meanings; always check context for physical vs. bodily actions.
• Another error: Incorrect inflection, like saying "поднимаетс" instead of "поднимает". Explanation: Russian verbs must agree with subject; practice conjugation tables to avoid this.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, phrases like 'рвать душу' (to heave one's soul) often appear in poetry or emotional expressions, reflecting the Slavic emphasis on inner turmoil, as seen in works by Pushkin. 'Качка' might evoke historical seafaring experiences in Russian literature, symbolizing life's uncertainties during explorations like those of the Russian navy.

Related Concepts:

• Тащить (to drag)
• Тошнить (to feel nauseous)
• Волна (wave)