Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'harassment'

English Word: harassment

Key Russian Translations:

• домогательство [dɐ.mə.ɡətʲ.stvə] - [Formal, often used in legal or serious contexts]
• харассмент [xɐ.ˈræs.mənt] - [Informal, borrowed from English, common in modern urban slang]
• моббинг [ˈmɔ.bʲɪŋ] - [Formal, specifically for workplace bullying]

Frequency: Medium - This term and its translations are encountered in discussions about social issues, law, and workplaces, but not in everyday casual conversation.

Difficulty: B2 - Intermediate level, as it involves understanding nuanced contexts and legal implications; for "домогательство", it may be B2, while "харассмент" could be A2 for beginners due to its borrowed nature.

Pronunciation (Russian):

домогательство: [dɐ.mə.ɡətʲ.stvə] - Stress on the third syllable; the "г" is pronounced as a soft [ɡətʲ] which can be tricky for English speakers.

Note on домогательство: Be mindful of the soft "тʲ" sound, which is a palatalized consonant common in Russian; it may vary slightly in rapid speech.

харассмент: [xɐ.ˈræs.mənt] - Pronounced similarly to the English word, with a guttural "х" like in "loch".

Note on харассмент: This is a loanword, so pronunciation is anglicized; the "р" is rolled, which is standard in Russian.

моббинг: [ˈmɔ.bʲɪŋ] - Stress on the first syllable; the "бʲ" is softly palatalized.

Note on моббинг: Derived from English "mob", it retains a foreign feel in pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Unwanted behavior intended to disturb or upset someone, often in a persistent manner (general harassment).

Translation(s) & Context:

• домогательство - Used in formal settings like legal documents or complaints, emphasizing persistent unwanted advances.
• харассмент - Informal, especially in online or youth contexts, for everyday annoyances or modern social media interactions.

Usage Examples:

• Его постоянное докучательство на работе вынудило её обратиться в HR.

  His constant harassment at work forced her to go to HR.

• В интернете часто встречается харассмент в форме оскорбительных комментариев.

  Harassment often occurs online in the form of offensive comments.

• Это не просто шутка; это настоящий харассмент, который нужно остановить.

  This isn't just a joke; it's real harassment that needs to stop.

• Докучательство в общественных местах может привести к юридическим последствиям.

  Harassment in public places can lead to legal consequences.

Meaning 2: Specifically, sexual harassment or bullying in a professional environment.

Translation(s) & Context:

• сексуальное домогательство - Formal, legal term for sexual harassment.
• моббинг - Used in workplace contexts for group bullying or psychological harassment.

Usage Examples:

• Случаи сексуального домогательства в компании должны немедленно расследоваться.

  Cases of sexual harassment in the company must be investigated immediately.

• Моббинг на рабочем месте может привести к серьёзным психологическим проблемам.

  Workplace harassment can lead to serious psychological issues.

• Она подала жалобу на моббинг со стороны коллег.

  She filed a complaint about harassment from her colleagues.

• Сексуальное домогательство часто маскируется под "невинные" комплименты.

  Sexual harassment is often disguised as "innocent" compliments.

• В России моббинг регулируется трудовым кодексом.

  In Russia, workplace harassment is regulated by the labor code.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Most translations like "домогательство" are nouns and follow standard Russian neuter noun declensions. It is an indeclinable noun in some contexts due to its abstract nature, but typically declines as a neuter noun ending in -о.

For "харассмент" and "моббинг", these are often used as indeclinable nouns in modern Russian, meaning they do not change form: e.g., always "харассмент" regardless of case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • докучательство (similar to mild harassment, with a nuance of annoyance)
  • травля (implies bullying or persecution, often online)
  • преследование (more intense, with legal connotations)
• Antonyms:
  • уважение (respect)
  • поддержка (support)

Related Phrases:

• Сексуальное домогательство на рабочем месте - (Sexual harassment in the workplace; refers to unwanted advances in professional settings.)
• Онлайн-харассмент - (Online harassment; common in digital contexts, involving cyberbullying.)
• Предотвращение моббинга - (Prevention of harassment; used in HR or educational discussions.)

Usage Notes:

"Домогательство" is the most precise translation for "harassment" in formal or legal English contexts, but choose "харассмент" for informal, everyday use among younger speakers. Be aware of cultural sensitivities; in Russia, these terms often carry strong legal implications under labor laws. When using in sentences, ensure the context specifies the type (e.g., sexual or workplace) to avoid ambiguity. For multiple translations, opt for "домогательство" in written reports and "харассмент" in casual conversation.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse "домогательство" with "дружба" (friendship), mistakenly using it in non-harassing contexts. Correct: Use "домогательство" only for negative, persistent behavior. Example of error: "Это домогательство от друга" (wrong); Correct: "Это дружба" if it's positive.
• Another error is failing to decline the noun properly, e.g., saying "в домогательство" instead of "в домогательстве". Explanation: Russian nouns require case agreement; always check the grammatical case for accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "домогательство" have gained prominence due to recent legal reforms and #MeToo influences, reflecting a growing awareness of personal boundaries and workplace rights. Historically, such issues were less openly discussed, often dismissed as "normal" behavior, which underscores the importance of context in modern usage.

Related Concepts:

• дискриминация (discrimination)
• буллинг (bullying)
• преследование (persecution)