Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'glycoprotein'

English Word: glycoprotein

Key Russian Translations:

• гликопротеин [ɡlʲɪkəprəˈtɛɪn] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (primarily used in scientific, medical, and academic contexts; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced; requires familiarity with biological terminology and Russian scientific vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

гликопротеин: [ɡlʲɪkəprəˈtɛɪn]

Note on гликопротеин: The stress falls on the third syllable ("pro"), and the initial "г" is pronounced as a voiced velar fricative [ɡ]. Be cautious with the palatalized "л" [lʲ], which is a common challenge for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A protein molecule that contains carbohydrate chains, often involved in cell recognition and immune responses.

Translation(s) & Context:

• гликопротеин - Used in formal scientific discussions, such as in biology, biochemistry, and medicine, to describe molecules with sugar attachments.

Usage Examples:

• В клеточной мембране гликопротеины играют ключевую роль в распознавании сигнальных молекул.

  In the cell membrane, glycoproteins play a key role in recognizing signaling molecules.

• Гликопротеины часто модифицируются в эндоплазматическом ретикулуме для обеспечения иммунной защиты.

  Glycoproteins are often modified in the endoplasmic reticulum to ensure immune protection.

• Изучение гликопротеинов помогает в разработке вакцин против вирусов, таких как грипп.

  Studying glycoproteins helps in developing vaccines against viruses like the flu.

• В онкологии гликопротеины используются как маркеры для диагностики раковых опухолей.

  In oncology, glycoproteins are used as markers for diagnosing cancerous tumors.

• Гликопротеины в крови могут изменяться при инфекционных заболеваниях, что облегчает их выявление.

  Glycoproteins in the blood can change during infectious diseases, making them easier to detect.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Гликопротеин is a masculine noun (мужской род) in Russian, derived from scientific terminology. It follows standard Russian noun declension patterns for words ending in -ин, which are often indeclinable in modern scientific usage, especially loanwords. However, it can be inflected in formal contexts.

Note: In scientific writing, it may remain undeclined for simplicity, especially in titles or fixed phrases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гликопротеид (a less common variant, used interchangeably in some biochemical contexts)
  • гликозилированный белок (more descriptive, emphasizing the glycosylation process; preferred in educational settings for clarity)
• Antonyms:
  • None directly applicable, as this is a specific scientific term. However, in broader contexts, terms like "простой белок" (simple protein) could contrast by lacking carbohydrate chains.

Related Phrases:

• Гликопротеины клеточной мембраны - Glycoproteins of the cell membrane (refers to their structural role in cells).
• Модификация гликопротеинов - Modification of glycoproteins (common in discussions of protein processing).
• Гликопротеины в иммунной системе - Glycoproteins in the immune system (highlights their function in immunity).

Usage Notes:

This term directly corresponds to the English "glycoprotein" and is used exclusively in technical or academic English. In Russian, it is reserved for formal contexts like scientific papers or lectures. When choosing between translations, "гликопротеин" is the most precise and widely accepted; avoid "гликозилированный белок" if brevity is needed. Grammatically, ensure correct declension based on sentence structure, such as using the genitive case after prepositions like "в" (in). English learners should note that Russian scientific vocabulary often retains English loanwords with minimal adaptation.

Common Errors:

• Error: Incorrect declension, e.g., using "гликопротеин" in the genitive as "гликопротеин" instead of "гликопротеина".

  Correct: "Структура гликопротеина" (The structure of the glycoprotein).

  Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case; failing to do so can make the sentence grammatically incorrect and confusing.

• Error: Mispronouncing the word by ignoring palatalization, e.g., saying [ɡlɪkəprəˈtɛɪn] instead of [ɡlʲɪkəprəˈtɛɪn].

  Correct Pronunciation: [ɡlʲɪkəprəˈtɛɪn].

  Explanation: This alters the word's sound and may lead to misunderstandings in oral presentations.

• Error: Using it in informal contexts, e.g., in casual conversation where a simpler explanation is needed.

  Correct Approach: Opt for a paraphrase like "белок с сахарными цепочками" in non-technical settings.

  Explanation: Overusing technical terms can make communication inaccessible; adapt based on audience.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific culture, terms like "гликопротеин" reflect the influence of international biology on Russian language, especially post-Soviet era collaborations. It underscores Russia's emphasis on biochemistry in education and research, with institutions like the Russian Academy of Sciences frequently using such terms in global contexts. No specific cultural idioms are associated, but it highlights the universal nature of scientific language across cultures.

Related Concepts:

• протеин (protein)
• гликозилирование (glycosylation)
• иммуноглобулин (immunoglobulin)
• клеточная мембрана (cell membrane)