Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'genetics'

English Word: genetics

Key Russian Translations:

• генетика [ɡʲɪˈnʲetʲɪkə] - [Formal, Scientific, Singular]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific and academic contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate - Requires familiarity with scientific terminology and basic Russian grammar)

Pronunciation (Russian):

генетика: [ɡʲɪˈnʲetʲɪkə]

Note on генетика: The stress falls on the third syllable ('ti'). Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech, with the 'г' sound being soft and palatalized.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms

Translation(s) & Context:

• генетика - Used in formal scientific discussions, academic papers, or educational settings to refer to the branch of biology dealing with inheritance and genetic material.

Usage Examples:

• Генетика играет ключевую роль в понимании эволюции видов.

  Genetics plays a key role in understanding the evolution of species.

• Современная генетика позволяет редактировать ДНК для лечения болезней.

  Modern genetics allows editing DNA to treat diseases.

• В университете я изучаю генетику как основную дисциплину.

  At university, I am studying genetics as my main discipline.

• Генетика человека открывает новые возможности в медицине.

  Human genetics opens new possibilities in medicine.

• Применение генетики в сельском хозяйстве повышает урожайность.

  The application of genetics in agriculture increases yields.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Генетика" is a feminine noun (first declension in modern Russian usage). It follows standard patterns for Russian nouns but is invariable in plural forms in most contexts as it refers to a field of study. Below is a table of its declensions:

Note: As a borrowed term, it does not have irregular inflections, but always check context for plural usage, which is less common.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: наследственность (heredity - focuses more on the process of inheritance), геномика (genomics - a subfield dealing with genomes)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable, as it is a specific scientific field.

Related Phrases:

• генетическая инженерия - Genetic engineering; a technique used to manipulate genes for practical purposes.
• генетический код - Genetic code; the set of rules by which information encoded in DNA is translated into proteins.
• молекулярная генетика - Molecular genetics; the study of genes at a molecular level.

Usage Notes:

"Генетика" directly corresponds to the English "genetics" as a singular, uncountable noun in scientific contexts. It is typically used in formal or academic settings and should be paired with appropriate Russian grammatical structures, such as in prepositional phrases (e.g., в генетике - in genetics). When choosing between translations like "наследственность," opt for "генетика" if the focus is on the broader scientific discipline rather than just inheritance. Be mindful of word order in sentences, as Russian often places the verb at the end.

Common Errors:

• Error: Mispronouncing as [ɡeˈnetika] without the soft 'г' sound. Correct: [ɡʲɪˈnʲetʲɪkə]. Explanation: English speakers often overlook Russian palatalization, which changes the sound; practice with native audio to avoid this.

• Error: Using in plural form incorrectly, e.g., saying "генетики" when referring to the field as a whole. Correct: Stick to singular "генетика" for the general concept. Explanation: In Russian, abstract fields like this are usually singular unless specifying subfields.

• Error: Confusing with "генетика" and "генетика человека" (human genetics), leading to overly specific usage. Correct: Use "генетика" for general contexts and add modifiers as needed. Explanation: This can make sentences less precise; always clarify the scope based on context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, genetics has historical significance due to the work of scientists like Nikolai Vavilov, who contributed to plant genetics and faced challenges under Soviet-era policies. This adds a layer of cultural depth, as discussions of genetics can sometimes touch on ethical debates influenced by past scientific suppressions, emphasizing the importance of the field in modern Russian society.

Related Concepts:

• биология
• эволюция
• наследственность
• генетика человека