Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'future'

English Word: future

Key Russian Translations:

• будущее [ˈbu.də.ʂːe] - [Noun, Formal, Singular]
• будущий [ˈbu.də.ʂːij] - [Adjective, Formal]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday conversations, literature, and formal discussions about time and planning)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; requires understanding of basic noun and adjective forms, but can vary by context; for 'будущее' as a noun: B1, for 'будущий' as an adjective: B2)

Pronunciation (Russian):

будущее: [ˈbu.də.ʂːe]

Note on будущее: The stress falls on the second syllable ('-ду-'). The 'щ' sound is a soft, palatalized 'sh' which may be challenging for English speakers; practice with native audio for accuracy.

будущий: [ˈbu.də.ʂːij]

Note on будущий: Similar stress on the second syllable; the ending '-ий' indicates an adjective and softens the pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The time that is yet to come (as a noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• будущее - Used in formal discussions, planning, or philosophical contexts to refer to upcoming events or long-term prospects.

Usage Examples:

• В будущем технологии изменят нашу повседневную жизнь.

  In the future, technology will change our everyday life.

• Мы должны думать о будущем нашей планеты.

  We must think about the future of our planet.

• Будущее кажется полным возможностей для молодых людей.

  The future seems full of opportunities for young people.

• В далеком будущем люди, возможно, колонизируют другие планеты.

  In the distant future, people might colonize other planets.

• Экономическое будущее страны зависит от текущих реформ.

  The economic future of the country depends on current reforms.

Meaning 2: Coming or expected to happen soon (as an adjective)

Translation(s) & Context:

• будущий - Applied in contexts describing upcoming events, people, or things, often in a predictive or anticipatory sense.

Usage Examples:

• Будущий президент должен сосредоточиться на реформах.

  The future president should focus on reforms.

• Эти будущие изменения повлияют на всю отрасль.

  These future changes will affect the entire industry.

• Будущий год обещает быть успешным для бизнеса.

  The future year promises to be successful for business.

• В будущий отпуск мы планируем посетить Европу.

  In our future vacation, we plan to visit Europe.

• Будущий успех зависит от твоих усилий сегодня.

  Future success depends on your efforts today.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'будущее' (a neuter noun), it follows standard Russian noun declension patterns. It is invariable in the nominative singular but changes in other cases and numbers. Below is a table for its inflections:

For 'будущий' (an adjective), it declines based on gender, number, and case, following the standard adjectival pattern. It is irregular in some forms due to its ending. Example in nominative:

• Masculine: будущий
• Feminine: будущая
• Neuter: будущее
• Plural: будущие

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: грядущее (griadushchee) - More poetic, often used in literary contexts; предстоящее (predstoiashchee) - Emphasizes something imminent.
• Antonyms: прошлое (proshloe) - Refers to the past; настоящее (nastoiashchee) - Refers to the present.

Related Phrases:

• в будущем - In the future; Used to discuss upcoming events or predictions.
• будущее поколение - Future generation; Common in discussions about legacy and progress.
• забота о будущем - Concern for the future; Often in environmental or economic contexts.

Usage Notes:

'Будущее' as a noun directly corresponds to the English 'future' in temporal contexts, but it's more formal in Russian and often pairs with prepositions like 'в' or 'о'. For 'будущий' as an adjective, it's versatile but avoid overusing it in informal speech where simpler phrases might suffice. Choose between translations based on context: use 'будущее' for abstract time concepts and 'будущий' for descriptive attributes. Grammatically, ensure agreement in gender, number, and case when using adjectives.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'будущее' without proper case agreement, e.g., saying "о будуще" instead of "о будущем". Correct: Always decline based on the sentence structure. Explanation: Russian nouns must agree with prepositions and other elements.
• Mistake: Confusing 'будущий' with 'будет' (from the verb 'to be' in future tense). Example of error: "Будущий я поеду" (incorrect); Correct: "Я буду ехать" (I will go). Explanation: 'Будущий' is an adjective, not a verb form.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like 'будущее' often carry a philosophical weight, influenced by literature (e.g., in works by Tolstoy or Dostoevsky) and historical events like the Soviet era's focus on 'bright future' propaganda. This can imply optimism or uncertainty, reflecting Russia's complex history of rapid changes.

Related Concepts:

• прошлое (past)
• настоящее (present)
• время (time)