Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'furthermore'

English Word: furthermore

Key Russian Translations:

• кроме того [kroʊmʲɪ tɐˈɡo] - [Formal, used in written or spoken discourse to add information]
• более того [ˈbolʲɪje toɡə] - [Formal, Informal, emphasizes additional points with slight intensification]
• вдобавок [vdɐˈbavək] - [Informal, used in casual conversation for supplementary ideas]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts, but not as ubiquitous as basic connectors like "and")

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of conjunctions and discourse markers, though "кроме того" is straightforward for learners with basic sentence structure knowledge)

Pronunciation (Russian):

кроме того: [kroʊmʲɪ tɐˈɡo]

более того: [ˈbolʲɪje toɡə]

вдобавок: [vdɐˈbavək]

Note on кроме того: The stress falls on the second syllable of "того" (tɐˈɡo), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft "мʲ" sound; practice with native audio for accurate intonation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Used as a conjunctive adverb to introduce additional information, emphasize a point, or extend an argument in discourse.

Translation(s) & Context:

• кроме того - Typically used in formal contexts like essays or debates to logically connect ideas without abrupt shifts.
• более того - Applied in both formal and informal settings to add weight or intensification, such as in persuasive speech.
• вдобавок - More common in everyday informal conversations, implying an extra layer of information casually.

Usage Examples:

• Кроме того, мы должны учитывать экономические последствия этого решения.

  Furthermore, we should consider the economic consequences of this decision.

• Более того, исследования показывают, что это может улучшить качество жизни.

  Furthermore, studies show that this could improve the quality of life.

• Вдобавок, не забывайте о потенциальных рисках, связанных с проектом.

  Furthermore, don't forget about the potential risks associated with the project.

• Кроме того, в этом отчете упоминаются альтернативные варианты.

  Furthermore, this report mentions alternative options.

• Более того, общественное мнение играет ключевую роль в таких вопросах.

  Furthermore, public opinion plays a key role in such matters.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are primarily adverbial phrases rather than single inflected words, so they do not undergo typical noun or verb inflections. However:

For "кроме того": "Кроме" is a preposition that remains unchanged, while "того" is the genitive form of the pronoun "то" (that), which can vary in other contexts but is fixed here.

For "более того": "Более" is an adverb and does not inflect; "того" follows the same pattern as above.

For "вдобавок": This is an adverbial phrase with no inflection; it remains invariant across contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • более того (slight emphasis on intensification)
  • вдобавок (more casual, implies addition without formality)
  • помимо этого (used when listing multiple additions, with a broader scope)
• Antonyms:
  • однако (indicates contrast or opposition)
  • наоборот (means "on the contrary," reversing the idea)

Related Phrases:

• кроме того, что - Besides that (used to introduce exceptions or additions in complex sentences; implies "apart from the fact that").
• вдобавок к этому - In addition to this (formal way to link ideas, emphasizing accumulation).
• более того, как - Furthermore, as (connects to explanations, e.g., in argumentative writing).

Usage Notes:

"Furthermore" directly corresponds to Russian phrases like "кроме того," which are used to maintain logical flow in sentences, similar to English. Choose "кроме того" for formal contexts such as academic papers, where precision is key. "Более того" adds a layer of emphasis, making it suitable for persuasive arguments, while "вдобавок" is ideal for informal dialogue. Be mindful of sentence placement: these phrases typically begin a clause and are followed by a comma. English learners should avoid overusing them to prevent repetitive writing; integrate with varied connectors for natural Russian discourse.

• Grammar note: These are not conjugated, so they fit easily into any sentence structure.
• Context tip: In Russian, "кроме того" often appears in professional emails, while "вдобавок" is common in casual chats.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "и" (and) instead of "кроме того" to add points, which can make the text feel simplistic or unconnected. Correct: Кроме того, мы обсудим это позже. (Furthermore, we will discuss this later.) Explanation: "И" merely joins elements without adding logical progression, whereas "кроме того" signals an extension of thought.
• Error: Misplacing the phrase at the end of a sentence, e.g., "Мы обсудим это позже, кроме того." Correct: Кроме того, мы обсудим это позже. Explanation: In Russian, these connectors usually start a new clause for better readability and emphasis.
• Error: Confusing with "тем не менее" (nevertheless), leading to illogical contrasts. Correct: Use "кроме того" for additions, not contrasts. Explanation: This mix-up can alter the sentence's intended meaning, so context is crucial.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian communication, phrases like "кроме того" reflect a cultural emphasis on thoroughness and logical argumentation, often seen in literature and debates. This stems from Russia's rich tradition of intellectual discourse, influenced by historical figures like Tolstoy, where adding layers to arguments is valued for depth rather than brevity.

Related Concepts:

• однако (however)
• следовательно (consequently)
• в заключение (in conclusion)