Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'fulmination'

English Word: fulmination

Key Russian Translations:

• Осуждение [ɐsʊˈʐdʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, used in contexts of severe criticism or denunciation]
• Взрыв [ˈvzrɨf] - [Informal, literal or metaphorical explosion, often in scientific or everyday contexts]

Frequency: Medium - 'Осуждение' is moderately common in formal writing and speech, while 'Взрыв' is more frequent in everyday and technical discussions.

Difficulty: For 'Осуждение': B2 (Upper Intermediate, due to nuanced connotations); For 'Взрыв': A2 (Elementary, as it's a basic noun with straightforward usage).

Pronunciation (Russian):

Осуждение: [ɐsʊˈʐdʲenʲɪje] - The stress is on the third syllable; note the soft 'ж' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers.

Note on Осуждение: Pay attention to the palatalized 'дʲ' which softens the pronunciation; common in formal Russian.

Взрыв: [ˈvzrɨf] - Stress on the first syllable; the 'ы' vowel is a back unrounded sound not present in English.

Note on Взрыв: This word has a crisp, explosive pronunciation that mimics its meaning; variations in speed can alter emphasis in spoken language.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Severe criticism or denunciation (e.g., a strong verbal attack)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Осуждение - Used in formal settings like political debates or legal discussions, where emphatic condemnation is expressed.

Usage Examples:

• Его речь была полна осуждения по адресу правительства. (His speech was full of fulmination against the government.)

  His speech was full of condemnation against the government.

• Журналисты выразили осуждение в отношении коррупции. (Journalists expressed fulmination regarding corruption.)

  Journalists expressed condemnation regarding corruption.

• В обществе растёт осуждение таких действий. (In society, fulmination against such actions is growing.)

  In society, condemnation against such actions is growing.

• Её осуждение было резким и убедительным. (Her fulmination was sharp and convincing.)

  Her condemnation was sharp and convincing.

• Осуждение со стороны оппозиции не утихает. (The fulmination from the opposition does not subside.)

  The condemnation from the opposition does not subside.

Meaning 2: An explosion, especially in a chemical or literal sense

Translation(s) & Context:

• Взрыв - Applied in scientific, technical, or descriptive contexts, such as chemistry or accidents.

Usage Examples:

• Химический взрыв в лаборатории привёл к катастрофе. (The fulmination in the laboratory led to a disaster.)

  The chemical explosion in the laboratory led to a disaster.

• Взрыв грома разбудил всех в доме. (The fulmination of thunder woke everyone in the house.)

  The explosion of thunder woke everyone in the house.

• Учёные изучают процесс взрыва в фуминантах. (Scientists study the process of fulmination in fulminates.)

  Scientists study the process of explosion in fulminates.

• Взрыв был неожиданным и разрушительным. (The fulmination was unexpected and destructive.)

  The explosion was unexpected and destructive.

• Предотвращение взрыва требует строгих мер безопасности. (Preventing fulmination requires strict safety measures.)

  Preventing explosion requires strict safety measures.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'Осуждение' (neuter noun, 2nd declension):

Note: Follows standard neuter noun patterns with no irregularities.

For 'Взрыв' (masculine noun, 2nd declension):

Note: Regular masculine declension; no significant irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Критика (kritika) - Similar to 'осуждение' but more general; used for any form of criticism.
  • Осуждение (as above, but can overlap with 'поношение' in intensity).
  • Поношение (ponoshenie) - A stronger synonym for 'взрыв' in metaphorical senses, implying verbal attack.
• Antonyms:
  • Хвала (khvala) - Praise, opposite of 'осуждение'.
  • Спокойствие (spokoystvo) - Calmness, contrasting with 'взрыв'.

Related Phrases:

• Громкое осуждение - (Loud condemnation) - A phrase used for public denouncement, often in media contexts.
• Взрыв эмоций - (Explosion of emotions) - Refers to a sudden outburst of feelings, common in psychological discussions.
• Полное осуждение - (Complete fulmination) - Indicates total rejection or criticism in formal settings.

Usage Notes:

'Осуждение' directly corresponds to the critical sense of 'fulmination' and is preferred in formal Russian for its precision, but avoid it in casual speech where 'критика' might suffice. For the explosive meaning, 'Взрыв' aligns with literal 'fulmination' in chemistry or events; note that Russian often requires case agreement in sentences, e.g., using genitive for possession. When choosing between translations, opt for 'Осуждение' in ethical or political contexts and 'Взрыв' for physical phenomena.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'Осуждение' interchangeably with 'Критика' without considering intensity. Correct: Осуждение implies stronger moral judgment. Example of error: *Я имею критику* (incorrect for fulmination); Correct: Я выражаю осуждение. (I express fulmination.)
• Mistake: Forgetting case inflections, e.g., saying *в осуждение* instead of *об осуждении* in prepositional contexts. Correct: Use the proper case to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'Осуждение' often carries a weight of moral or social accountability, rooted in historical contexts like Soviet-era criticisms in literature and media. 'Взрыв' may evoke references to events like the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, symbolizing uncontrolled forces in Russian history and psyche.

Related Concepts:

• Критика
• Взрывчатка
• Протест