Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'feminism'

English Word: feminism

Key Russian Translations:

• феминизм /fʲɪˈmʲinʲɪzm/ - [Formal]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in academic, social, and political discussions, but not everyday casual conversation).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and vocabulary related to social issues, as per CEFR standards).

Pronunciation (Russian):

феминизм: /fʲɪˈmʲinʲɪzm/

Note on феминизм: The pronunciation features palatalized consonants (/fʲ/ and /mʲ/), which are common in Russian but may be challenging for English speakers. Stress falls on the third syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A social and political movement advocating for women's rights and gender equality based on the principle of equality of the sexes.

Translation(s) & Context:

• феминизм - Used in formal contexts such as academic papers, debates, or media discussions on gender issues; it directly corresponds to the English term and is neutral in tone.

Usage Examples:

• Феминизм борется за равенство прав мужчин и женщин в обществе.

  Feminism fights for equality of rights between men and women in society.

• В истории России феминизм развился в начале XX века, влияя на женское образование и права.

  In the history of Russia, feminism developed in the early 20th century, influencing women's education and rights.

• Современный феминизм охватывает не только гендерное равенство, но и борьбу с дискриминацией.

  Modern feminism encompasses not only gender equality but also the fight against discrimination.

• Феминизм часто критикуют, но его идеи продолжают эволюционировать в глобальном масштабе.

  Feminism is often criticized, but its ideas continue to evolve on a global scale.

• В русскоязычных странах феминизм адаптируется к локальным культурным нормам.

  In Russian-speaking countries, feminism adapts to local cultural norms.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"феминизм" is a masculine noun in Russian (from the neuter form in some contexts but treated as masculine). It follows the standard third declension pattern for nouns ending in -изм, which are often borrowed from other languages. This word is indeclinable in most cases, meaning it does not change form in different grammatical cases, but it can take plural forms in certain contexts.

Note: While "феминизм" is mostly regular, its plural forms are less common and used when referring to multiple types or instances of feminist ideologies.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • женский активизм (zhenskij aktivizm) - Emphasizes activism specifically for women, often in a more action-oriented context.
  • гендерный феминизм (gendernyj feminizm) - Used for gender-focused feminism, highlighting broader equality.
• Antonyms:
  • патриархальность (patriarkhalnost') - Refers to patriarchal systems, contrasting with feminist ideals.
  • традиционализм (traditsionalizm) - Implies adherence to traditional gender roles, opposing progressive movements.

Related Phrases:

• движение феминизма - The feminism movement; used in historical or social discussions to refer to organized efforts.
• волна феминизма - Wave of feminism; denotes specific eras like first-wave or third-wave feminism.
• феминистская идеология - Feminist ideology; a phrase for discussing core principles in academic settings.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "феминизм" directly translates to the English "feminism" and is used in formal contexts, such as journalism, academia, or activism. It maintains a neutral to positive connotation but can be controversial in conservative settings. English speakers should note that Russian culture may frame feminism differently, often linking it to Western influences, so choose this term when discussing equality broadly. If the context is more everyday, consider pairing it with explanations to avoid misunderstandings. For multiple translations, "феминизм" is the most precise, but "женский активизм" might be used for grassroots actions.

Common Errors:

• Common Error: Confusing "феминизм" with "фeminizm" (a direct transliteration) and pronouncing it as in English, leading to miscommunication.

  Incorrect: Pronouncing it as /ˈfɛmɪnɪzəm/ (English-style).

  Correct: Use the Russian IPA /fʲɪˈmʲinʲɪzm/ and ensure palatalization.

  Explanation: Russian phonetics require soft consonants, so practicing with native audio helps avoid this.

• Common Error: Using "феминизм" in informal settings without context, which might come across as overly academic or imported.

  Incorrect: Casually saying "Я поддерживаю феминизм" in a light conversation, which could sound stiff.

  Correct: "Я за равенство прав" for a more natural expression.

  Explanation: Russian speakers often prefer simpler phrases in daily talk, reserving "феминизм" for structured discussions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "феминизм" is often associated with historical movements like those in the early 20th century, influenced by figures such as Alexandra Kollontai during the Soviet era. However, it can carry connotations of Western ideology, leading to debates in contemporary Russia about gender roles and traditional values. Understanding this context helps English users appreciate how feminism intersects with Russia's complex history of social change and gender expectations.

Related Concepts:

• гендерное равенство (gendernoe ravenstvo)
• женские права (zhenskie prava)
• протест феминизма (protest feminizma)