Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'faulty'

English Word: faulty

Key Russian Translations:

• неисправный [nʲɪˈispravnɨj] - [Formal, Technical; used for mechanical or electrical devices]
• дефектный [dʲɪˈfʲɛktnɨj] - [Formal; often in manufacturing or quality control contexts]
• ошибочный [ɐˈʂɨbɔtɕnɨj] - [Informal or Academic; applied to ideas, calculations, or judgments]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in technical, everyday, and professional discussions, but not as ubiquitous as basic adjectives)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective declensions and contextual usage; for 'неисправный' and 'дефектный', it may lean towards B2 due to technical connotations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

неисправный: [nʲɪˈispravnɨj]

дефектный: [dʲɪˈfʲɛktnɨj]

ошибочный: [ɐˈʂɨbɔtɕnɨj]

Note on неисправный: The stress falls on the third syllable; be cautious with the soft 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to its palatalization.

Note on дефектный: Pronounce the 'ф' as a standard 'f', but ensure the 'е' is soft; common variation in fast speech may soften the ending.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Not working properly or having a defect (e.g., in objects or systems)

Translation(s) & Context:

• неисправный - Used in contexts involving machinery, electronics, or any physical item that malfunctions.
• дефектный - Applied in formal or industrial settings, such as product inspections or engineering.

Usage Examples:

• Мой телефон стал неисправным после падения.

  My phone became faulty after the fall.

• Эта партия товаров была признана дефектной из-за производственного брака.

  This batch of goods was deemed faulty due to manufacturing defects.

• Неисправный выключатель может вызвать короткое замыкание.

  A faulty switch can cause a short circuit.

• Дефектный продукт следует вернуть в магазин.

  A faulty product should be returned to the store.

Meaning 2: Incorrect or erroneous (e.g., in ideas, logic, or information)

Translation(s) & Context:

• ошибочный - Common in intellectual, scientific, or everyday discussions where something is factually wrong.

Usage Examples:

• Его ошибочный вывод привел к неверным решениям.

  His faulty conclusion led to incorrect decisions.

• В отчете содержится несколько ошибочных данных.

  The report contains several faulty data points.

• Ошибочное предположение может искажать результаты эксперимента.

  A faulty assumption can distort the results of an experiment.

• Не делайте ошибочных выводов на основе неполной информации.

  Don't make faulty conclusions based on incomplete information.

• Ошибочный перевод текста изменил весь смысл.

  The faulty translation of the text altered the entire meaning.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations ('неисправный', 'дефектный', 'ошибочный') are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern of agreement with the nouns they modify. Here's a breakdown:

These adjectives are regular and follow the standard first-declension pattern. There are no irregular forms, but always ensure agreement with the noun's gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • бракованный (implies something is rejected due to defects; often used in quality control)
  • некачественный (general term for poor quality, with subtle differences in implying substandard production)
  • неправильный (for erroneous contexts, similar to ошибочный but broader)
• Antonyms:
  • исправный (working properly)
  • правильный (correct or accurate)
  • качественный (of high quality)

Related Phrases:

• неисправный механизм - A faulty mechanism; used in technical discussions about machines.
• дефектный товар - Faulty goods; common in consumer rights contexts.
• ошибочный расчет - Faulty calculation; often in mathematical or financial scenarios.
• исправить неисправность - To fix a fault; a phrase emphasizing repair in engineering.

Usage Notes:

'Faulty' in English often corresponds to 'неисправный' for physical defects and 'ошибочный' for intellectual errors, but choose based on context to avoid mistranslation. In Russian, these adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they describe, which is a key grammatical difference from English. For formal or technical writing, 'дефектный' is preferred in professional settings like engineering reports. Be mindful of regional variations; in everyday speech, 'неисправный' might be more colloquial in Russia.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'неисправный' interchangeably with 'ошибочный' without considering context. For example, saying "неисправный идея" (incorrectly applying to an idea). Correct: "ошибочная идея". Explanation: 'Неисправный' is for physical malfunctions, while 'ошибочный' is for conceptual errors; this confusion arises from direct word-for-word translation.

• Error: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., saying "неисправный машина" instead of "неисправная машина" (for feminine noun). Correct: Always decline the adjective to match the noun's gender and case. Explanation: Russian requires full agreement, unlike English, leading to grammatical errors in sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'неисправный' often appear in contexts of reliability and endurance, reflecting historical emphasis on durable goods in Soviet-era engineering. For instance, discussing 'faulty' products might evoke themes of quality control in modern Russia, where consumer protection laws have evolved significantly since the 1990s.

Related Concepts:

• брак (defect)
• неисправность (malfunction)
• ошибка (error)
• дефектология (study of defects, in a broader sense)