Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'extremism'

English Word: extremism

Key Russian Translations:

• экстремизм (/ɛkˈstrʲemʲɪzm/) - [Formal, Singular, Used in political and social discussions]

Frequency: Medium (Commonly encountered in news, political discourse, and academic texts, but not in everyday casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of political vocabulary and nominal declensions, suitable for learners with a solid grasp of Russian grammar.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

экстремизм: /ɛkˈstrʲemʲɪzm/

Note on экстремизм: The stress falls on the second syllable (/ˈstrʲemʲ/), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized 'r' sound (рʲ). Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The advocacy or practice of extreme political or religious views, often involving radical actions.

Translation(s) & Context:

• экстремизм - Used in formal contexts like legal documents, news reports, or academic discussions about ideology and social unrest.

Usage Examples:

• Экстремизм часто приводит к конфликтам в обществе.

  Extremism often leads to conflicts in society.

• Правительство борется с проявлениями экстремизма в интернете.

  The government is fighting manifestations of extremism on the internet.

• Экстремизм может проявляться в различных формах, от политических митингов до онлайн-пропаганды.

  Extremism can manifest in various forms, from political rallies to online propaganda.

• В исторических текстах экстремизм часто ассоциируется с революционными движениями.

  In historical texts, extremism is often associated with revolutionary movements.

• Экстремизм угрожает стабильности страны, поэтому он строго запрещен законом.

  Extremism threatens the stability of the country, so it is strictly prohibited by law.

Meaning 2: Extreme measures or behaviors in non-political contexts, such as in sports or personal habits.

Translation(s) & Context:

• экстремизм - Less common, but applicable in metaphorical or informal discussions, such as extreme fitness routines.

Usage Examples:

• Его подход к тренировкам граничит с экстремизмом.

  His approach to training borders on extremism.

• Экстремизм в диетах может быть опасен для здоровья.

  Extremism in diets can be dangerous for health.

• Спортсмены иногда рискуют, впадая в экстремизм ради рекордов.

  Athletes sometimes risk falling into extremism in pursuit of records.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Экстремизм" is a masculine noun (мужской род) in Russian, belonging to the third declension. It follows standard nominal inflections for Russian nouns, with changes based on case and number. Below is a table outlining its key forms:

Note: The word is invariable in terms of gender and does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • радикализм (similar to extremism but often implies more ideological fervor; used in political contexts)
  • фанатизм (emphasizes blind devotion, applicable in religious or ideological settings)
• Antonyms:
  • модератизм (moderation, the opposite in political ideology)
  • центризм (centrism, representing a balanced approach)

Related Phrases:

• политический экстремизм - Political extremism; Refers to extreme political ideologies and actions.
• религиозный экстремизм - Religious extremism; Used for fanatical religious behaviors.
• борьба с экстремизмом - Fight against extremism; Common in legal and social contexts.
• экстремизм в интернете - Extremism on the internet; Highlights online radicalization.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "экстремизм" directly corresponds to the English "extremism" and is typically used in formal or official contexts, such as law enforcement or media. It is a neutral term but carries negative connotations in modern usage. When choosing between translations like "радикализм," opt for "экстремизм" if the focus is on actions rather than ideology. Be mindful of grammatical agreement: as a masculine noun, it must agree with adjectives and verbs accordingly (e.g., "экстремизм является угрозой" - extremism is a threat). In spoken language, it's often paired with prepositions like "против экстремизма" (against extremism).

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "экстремизм" with "экстрим" (which means extreme sports or adventure). Incorrect: "Политический экстрим" (meant to say extremism but used the wrong word). Correct: "Политический экстремизм." Explanation: "Экстрим" is informal and unrelated to ideology, so learners should check context to avoid this mix-up.

• Error: Incorrect declension, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Incorrect: "Борьба с экстремизм" (missing genitive ending). Correct: "Борьба с экстремизмом." Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so always adjust based on sentence structure.

• Error: Overgeneralizing to plural without need. Incorrect: "Экстремизмы в стране" (implying multiple types unnecessarily). Correct: "Экстремизм в стране." Explanation: Use singular unless specifying varieties.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, "экстремизм" is often linked to events like the Soviet-era purges or modern-day issues with nationalist groups. It carries a strong legal weight, as Russian law explicitly criminalizes extremism, which can include hate speech or propaganda. This reflects Russia's emphasis on social stability and collective harmony, making the term a key part of contemporary discourse on national security.

Related Concepts:

• терроризм (terrorism)
• радикализм (radicalism)
• фанатизм (fanaticism)
• национализм (nationalism)