Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'expurgate'

English Word: expurgate

Key Russian Translations:

• Цензурировать [ʦɛn.zʊ.rʲɪ.rə.vatʲ] - [Formal, used in contexts involving editing or censoring content]
• Очищать [ɐ.ʧʲɪ.ʂʲatʲ] - [Less formal, more general; implies purification but can apply to expurgation in informal settings]

Frequency: Low (This verb is not commonly used in everyday conversation but appears in literary, academic, or media discussions.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian verb conjugations and formal language structures. For 'Цензурировать', it's B2; for 'Очищать', it's B1 due to its broader application.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Цензурировать: [ʦɛn.zʊ.rʲɪ.rə.vatʲ]

Очищать: [ɐ.ʧʲɪ.ʂʲatʲ]

Note on Цензурировать: The stress falls on the second syllable ('zʊ'), and the 'рʲ' sound can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalized 'r'. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To remove or censor objectionable material (e.g., in books, media, or texts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Цензурировать - Used in formal contexts like publishing or government regulations, where content is edited for appropriateness.
• Очищать - Applied in more general or informal scenarios, such as self-editing personal writings, but less precise for legal expurgation.

Usage Examples:

• Книга была цензурирована перед её выпуском, чтобы удалить спорные разделы.

  The book was expurgated before its release to remove controversial sections.

• В интернете контент часто очищается от неприемлемого материала модераторами.

  Online content is often expurgated from unacceptable material by moderators.

• Правительство решило цензурировать фильм из-за политически чувствительных сцен.

  The government decided to expurgate the film due to politically sensitive scenes.

• Автор предпочел самостоятельно очищать текст от ненужных деталей.

  The author preferred to expurgate the text of unnecessary details on their own.

• В образовательных материалах иногда цензурируют исторические факты для аудитории младшего возраста.

  Educational materials sometimes expurgate historical facts for younger audiences.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both translations are verbs, but 'Цензурировать' follows standard Russian verb conjugation patterns as a first-conjugation verb, while 'Очищать' is also a first-conjugation verb with slight irregularities in some forms. Below is a table for 'Цензурировать' in the present tense; 'Очищать' has similar patterns but is more straightforward.

For 'Очищать': It conjugates similarly, e.g., Я очищаю, Ты очищаешь. This verb is invariant in most aspects and does not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Редактировать (Edit) - More neutral, used for general revisions; differs from 'Цензурировать' by lacking the connotation of censorship.
  • Удалять (Remove) - Basic synonym, applied in casual contexts but less formal.
• Antonyms:
  • Публиковать без изменений (Publish unchanged)
  • Разглашать (Disclose) - Used when revealing information without alteration.

Related Phrases:

• Подвергнуть цензуре - To subject to censorship; used in formal or legal contexts to describe the process of expurgation.
• Очищать текст - To clean or expurgate text; implies editing for clarity or appropriateness in everyday writing.
• Цензура в СМИ - Censorship in the media; a common phrase referring to expurgation in broadcasting or journalism.

Usage Notes:

'Цензурировать' is the most direct equivalent to 'expurgate' in Russian, especially in contexts involving official or moral censorship, while 'Очищать' is better for general purification. English speakers should note that Russian verbs often require perfective and imperfective aspects; for example, use 'прочензурировать' (perfective) for a completed action. Be mindful of formal contexts, as 'Цензурировать' carries historical connotations of state control in Russia. When choosing between translations, opt for 'Цензурировать' in literary or political discussions and 'Очищать' in personal or informal settings.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Confusing 'Цензурировать' with 'Редактировать' and using it interchangeably. Correct: 'Цензурировать' implies removal for moral reasons, e.g., "Книга была цензурирована." Incorrect: "Книга была отредактирована для цензуры." (This is awkward; better as "Книга была цензурирована.") Explanation: 'Редактировать' is broader and doesn't convey censorship.
• Mistake: Incorrect conjugation, e.g., saying "Я цензурирует" instead of "Я цензурирую." Correct: Match the verb to the subject for proper agreement. Explanation: Russian verbs change based on person, so always check the ending.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'цензура' (censorship) has significant historical roots, particularly during the Soviet era when state censorship was widespread to control information. Words like 'Цензурировать' can evoke memories of this period, making them sensitive in modern discussions about freedom of speech and media.

Related Concepts:

• Цензура
• Редактура
• Пропаганда