Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'expulsion'

English Word: expulsion

Key Russian Translations:

• высылка [vɨˈsɨlkə] - [Formal, Legal Context]
• исключение [ɪksˈklʲuʧʲenʲje] - [Formal, Educational or Organizational Context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, political, and educational discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian case systems and formal vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

высылка: [vɨˈsɨlkə]

Note on высылка: The stress is on the second syllable; be cautious with the soft 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Audio: []

исключение: [ɪksˈklʲuʧʲenʲje]

Note on исключение: The 'ч' is a palatalized sound; practice it as a soft 'ch' similar to 'church' but with a Russian flair.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of forcing someone to leave a country, organization, or group (e.g., deportation or removal)

Translation(s) & Context:

• высылка - Used in formal, legal contexts such as international law or political exile.
• исключение - Applied in non-legal settings like school expulsions or club memberships.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство объявило о высылке иностранных агентов из страны.

  The government announced the expulsion of foreign agents from the country.

• Его высылка была результатом политических разногласий.

  His expulsion was the result of political disagreements.

• В случае повторного нарушения правил последует высылка.

  In case of repeated rule violations, expulsion will follow.

• После высылки он не смог вернуться на родину.

  After the expulsion, he was unable to return to his homeland.

Meaning 2: The process of removing or excluding something, such as in a metaphorical or abstract sense (e.g., from a list or system)

Translation(s) & Context:

• исключение - Common in administrative or technical contexts, like excluding items from a list.
• высылка - Less common here, but can imply forced removal in bureaucratic settings.

Usage Examples:

• Его исключение из списка кандидатов шокировало всех.

  His expulsion from the list of candidates shocked everyone.

• Исключение нежелательных элементов улучшит систему.

  The expulsion of undesirable elements will improve the system.

• В документе указано исключение определенных пунктов.

  The document specifies the expulsion of certain items.

• После исключения ошибок текст стал более coherent.

  After the expulsion of errors, the text became more coherent.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both translations are nouns and follow standard Russian inflection patterns. высылка is a feminine noun (3rd declension), while исключение is a neuter noun (2nd declension). Below is a table outlining their key inflections:

Note: These are regular inflections; no irregularities, but pay attention to soft endings in certain cases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • депортация (deportation; similar to высылка but more specific to immigration)
  • удаление (removal; a general synonym for исключение)
• Antonyms:
  • прием (acceptance; opposite of expulsion in organizational contexts)
  • возвращение (return; contrasts with высылка)

Related Phrases:

• Принудительная высылка - Forced expulsion; used in legal contexts for mandatory deportation.
• Исключение из партии - Expulsion from the party; common in political discussions.
• Массовое исключение - Mass expulsion; refers to large-scale removals, e.g., in historical events.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, высылка often implies a governmental or legal action, making it a precise match for 'expulsion' in international contexts, whereas исключение is more versatile for everyday exclusions. Always consider the context: use высылка for state-level actions and исключение for internal organizational matters. Grammatically, these nouns require appropriate case agreement with verbs and prepositions, e.g., 'от' (from) with genitive. When choosing between translations, opt for высылка in formal writing and исключение in spoken language to avoid sounding overly bureaucratic.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing высылка with депортация and using them interchangeably. Correct: высылка is broader, while депортация specifically involves immigrants. Example of error: "Я использовал высылка для иммигрантов" (incorrect overlap). Correct: "депортация для иммигрантов".

• Error: Forgetting case inflections, e.g., using nominative in all contexts. Correct: In a sentence like "после высылки" (after expulsion), use genitive form. Example of error: "после высылка" (wrong); Correct: "после высылки".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, высылка has strong connotations due to events like the Soviet-era exiles, where intellectuals and dissidents were expelled to remote areas. This adds a layer of political sensitivity, making the word not just literal but evocative of oppression and resistance in literature and media.

Related Concepts:

• эмиграция (emigration)
• репрессия (repression)
• диссоциация (dissociation)