Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'expiry'

English Word: expiry

Key Russian Translations:

• истечение [ɪsˈtʲeʧʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, Noun, Used in legal or official contexts]
• просрочка [prɐˈsot͡ʃkə] - [Informal, Noun, Used in everyday situations like shopping or deadlines]
• срок действия [srok dʲeɪˈstʲvʲɪjə] - [Formal, Phrase, Used when referring to expiration dates on documents or products]

Frequency: Medium (Common in administrative, legal, and commercial contexts, but not as frequent in casual conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and contextual usage; 'просрочка' may be easier for beginners, while 'истечение' is more advanced due to its formal nature)

Pronunciation (Russian):

истечение: [ɪsˈtʲeʧʲenʲɪje]

Note on истечение: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'тʲ' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. A soft pronunciation is key in formal settings.

просрочка: [prɐˈsot͡ʃkə]

Note on просрочка: The 'ч' is a voiceless palatal fricative; it sounds like the 'ch' in 'church', but softer. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

срок действия: [srok dʲeɪˈstʲvʲɪjə]

Note on срок действия: This is a compound phrase; pronounce each word distinctly, with stress on 'действия'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The end of a period of validity or effectiveness (e.g., for documents, subscriptions, or products)

Translation(s) & Context:

• истечение - Used in formal or legal contexts, such as contract terminations.
• просрочка - Informal context, like overdue library books or expired food.
• срок действия - Specific to dates on official items, e.g., passports.

Usage Examples:

• Мой паспорт достиг истечения срока действия, и мне нужно продлить его.

  My passport has reached its expiry, and I need to renew it.

• Из-за просрочки кредита банк начислил штраф.

  Due to the expiry of the loan, the bank imposed a fine.

• Истечение гарантии означает, что товар больше не подлежит ремонту.

  The expiry of the warranty means the product is no longer eligible for repair.

• Проверьте срок действия вашего водительского удостоверения перед поездкой.

  Check the expiry of your driver's license before traveling.

Meaning 2: The process or point at which something becomes invalid or outdated

Translation(s) & Context:

• истечение - Emphasizes the process in abstract or philosophical discussions.
• просрочка - Focuses on practical, everyday consequences.

Usage Examples:

• Истечение срока аренды вынудило нас искать новое жилье.

  The expiry of the lease forced us to look for new housing.

• Просрочка визы может привести к проблемам на границе.

  Expiry of the visa can lead to issues at the border.

• С истечением времени контракта сотрудник уволился.

  With the expiry of the contract, the employee resigned.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'истечение' (a neuter noun, 2nd declension), it follows standard Russian noun patterns with regular inflections:

For 'просрочка' (a feminine noun, 1st declension), it is also regular:

'Срок действия' is a phrase and does not inflect as a single unit; 'срок' ( masculine) and 'действия' (neuter genitive) follow their own rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: окончание (okonchanie) - More general end; истечение is specific to time-based expiry.
• завершение (zavershenie) - Emphasizes completion; suitable for formal contexts.
• Antonyms: начало (nachalo) - The opposite, meaning beginning.
• продление (prodlenie) - Extension, contrasting with expiry.

Related Phrases:

• истечение срока (istekanie sroka) - Meaning: The end of a term; used in legal documents.
• просрочка платежа (prosochka platezha) - Meaning: Overdue payment; common in financial contexts.
• срок действия истек (srok deystviya istek) - Meaning: The deadline has passed; used for expired items.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'expiry' often corresponds to 'истечение' in formal settings, such as official paperwork, while 'просрочка' is preferred in informal or everyday language. Be mindful of context: 'срок действия' is ideal for dates on products or IDs. Grammatically, these nouns require correct case agreement; for example, use genitive after prepositions like 'после' (after). When choosing between translations, opt for 'просрочка' in casual speech to sound more natural, but avoid it in professional environments to prevent sounding informal.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'истечение' without proper case inflection, e.g., saying "после истечение" instead of "после истечения".
  Correct: "После истечения срока" (After the expiry). Explanation: Russian requires genitive case after 'после', so always check noun endings.
• Error: Confusing 'просрочка' with 'истечение' in formal writing, e.g., using 'просрочка' in a legal contract.
  Correct: Use 'истечение' for precision. Explanation: 'Просрочка' implies informality and may undermine professionalism.
• Error: Omitting articles or failing to adapt to context, as Russian doesn't use articles like English.
  Correct: Simply say "истечение срока" without 'the'. Explanation: This is a common trap for English speakers translating word-for-word.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like 'expiry' (e.g., 'просрочка') often tie into bureaucratic systems, where strict adherence to deadlines is emphasized due to historical influences from Soviet-era administration. For instance, expired documents can lead to significant inconveniences, reflecting a cultural value on precision and timeliness in official matters.

Related Concepts:

• дата истечения (data istekaniya)
• продление срока (prodlenie sroka)
• окончание действия (okonchanie deystviya)