Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'exocrine'

English Word: exocrine

Key Russian Translations:

• экзокринный (/ˌɛkzoʊˈkraɪn.nɨj/) - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in medical and biological contexts; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: Advanced (C1 level, as it involves specialized vocabulary in biology and requires understanding of Russian adjective inflections)

Pronunciation (Russian):

экзокринный: /ˌɛkzoʊˈkraɪn.nɨj/

Note on экзокринный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("kraɪn"), and the ending "-ный" may vary slightly in informal speech, but it's standard in formal contexts. Pay attention to the hard "н" sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Relating to glands that secrete their products externally, as in biology.

Translation(s) & Context:

• экзокринный - Used in scientific and medical discussions to describe exocrine glands or functions, such as in anatomy textbooks or research papers.

Usage Examples:

• Экзокринные железы, такие как потовые, выделяют вещества на поверхность кожи.

  Exocrine glands, such as sweat glands, secrete substances onto the skin's surface.

• В эндокринной системе экзокринные функции отличаются от гормональных.

  In the endocrine system, exocrine functions differ from hormonal ones.

• Исследования экзокринных процессов важны для понимания пищеварения.

  Studies of exocrine processes are important for understanding digestion.

• Экзокринный тип секреции встречается в печени и поджелудочной железе.

  The exocrine type of secretion occurs in the liver and pancreas.

• В медицинской литературе часто обсуждается экзокринный механизм в контексте заболеваний.

  In medical literature, the exocrine mechanism is often discussed in the context of diseases.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Экзокринный is an adjective in Russian, which follows the standard pattern for adjectives ending in -ный. It inflects based on gender, number, and case. Below is a table outlining its basic inflections:

Note: This adjective does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic adjective patterns are mastered.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • экзокреторный (ekzokretornyy) - Similar, but less common; used interchangeably in some scientific contexts.
  • наружносекреторный (naruzhnosekretornyy) - Emphasizes the external secretion aspect; preferred in older texts.
• Antonyms:
  • эндокринный (endokrinnый) - Refers to internal secretion, contrasting with exocrine functions.

Related Phrases:

• Экзокринные железы - Exocrine glands; commonly used in anatomical descriptions.
• Экзокринная секреция - Exocrine secretion; refers to the process of external release in biological systems.
• Функции экзокринных органов - Functions of exocrine organs; often discussed in medical education.

Usage Notes:

• Экзокринный directly corresponds to the English "exocrine" in scientific contexts, but ensure it agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case per Russian grammar rules.
• This term is restricted to formal, academic, or professional settings; avoid in casual conversation.
• When choosing between translations like экзокринный and наружносекреторный, opt for экзокринный in modern texts for its precision and international alignment.
• Grammar note: Always inflect based on the governing noun, e.g., "экзокринная железа" for feminine nouns.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the word without proper inflection, e.g., saying "экзокринный железа" instead of "экзокринная железа".
  Correct: Ensure adjective agreement; explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender, making this a common mistake for beginners.
• Error: Confusing with эндокринный, leading to misuse in sentences about internal secretions.
  Correct: Double-check the context; if it's about external secretion, use экзокринный; explanation: These terms are opposites, and mixing them can alter the meaning entirely in scientific discussions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific literature, terms like экзокринный reflect the influence of international biology standards, often borrowed from Latin and Greek roots. This vocabulary is prominent in Russian medical education, which has a strong tradition dating back to the Soviet era, emphasizing precise terminology in fields like physiology.

Related Concepts:

• эндокринный
• секреторный
• железа