Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'everybody'

English Word: everybody

Key Russian Translations:

• все [fsɛ] - [Informal, Plural, Used in general statements about groups of people]
• каждый [ˈkɑʂ·dɨj] - [Formal, Singular or Plural, Used when emphasizing individuals within a group]

Frequency: High (This word and its translations are commonly used in everyday Russian conversations and written texts.)

Difficulty: A1 (Beginner level, as the translations are basic pronouns that appear early in language learning; however, for 'каждый', it may reach A2 due to slight contextual variations.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

все: [fsɛ]

каждый: [ˈkɑʂ·dɨj]

Note on все: The pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech, where the 'в' softens to almost a 'v' sound, but it's straightforward for beginners. Be aware of the soft 'с' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Referring to all people in a group or everyone in general

Translation(s) & Context:

• все - Used in informal contexts for universal inclusion, such as in daily conversations or narratives.
• каждый - Used in formal or emphatic contexts to stress individuality within a collective, such as in instructions or rules.

Usage Examples:

• Все пришли на вечеринку вовремя. (Vse prishli na vecherinku vovremya.)

  Everybody arrived at the party on time. (This example shows 'все' in a simple declarative sentence, emphasizing group action.)

• Каждый должен сделать свою работу. (Kajdый dolzhen sdelat' svoyu rabotu.)

  Everybody should do their own work. (Here, 'каждый' highlights individual responsibility within a group, often in a formal or instructional context.)

• Все в семье счастливы новыми новостями. (Vse v sem'ye schastlivy novymi novostyami.)

  Everybody in the family is happy about the new news. (This demonstrates 'все' with a prepositional phrase, showing its use in familial or social settings.)

• Каждый гость получил подарок на празднике. (Kajdый gost' poluchil podarok na prazdnike.)

  Everybody received a gift at the celebration. (This example uses 'каждый' to imply thorough distribution, suitable for event descriptions.)

• Все ученики знают этот урок. (Vse ucheniki znayut etot urok.)

  Everybody in the class knows this lesson. (Illustrates 'все' in an educational context, varying sentence structure for diversity.)

Meaning 2: Indicating universal applicability or inclusivity in abstract senses

Translation(s) & Context:

• все - Applied in broader, philosophical or general statements, often in informal writing or speech.

Usage Examples:

• Все люди равны перед законом. (Vse lyudi ravny pered zakonom.)

  Everybody is equal before the law. (This shows 'все' in a legal or ethical context, emphasizing universality.)

• Каждый имеет право на образование. (Kajdый imeet pravo na obrazovanie.)

  Everybody has the right to education. (Uses 'каждый' for individual rights, contrasting with group focus.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The primary translations 'все' and 'каждый' are pronouns that undergo inflection based on case, number, and gender in Russian. 'Все' is an indefinite pronoun that changes with grammatical case, while 'каждый' inflects as an adjective-like pronoun.

Note: 'Все' does not change for gender but varies by case and is often invariant in plural forms. 'Каждый' follows adjective declension patterns, making it more complex for beginners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • весь (ves') - Similar to 'all', but more emphatic on completeness; used in formal contexts.
  • любой (lyuboj) - Means 'any' or 'everyone', with a nuance of choice.
• Antonyms:
  • никто (nikto) - Means 'nobody', opposite in inclusivity.
  • некоторые (nekotorye) - Means 'some', contrasting with universality.

Related Phrases:

• Все вместе (Vse vmeste) - Meaning: All together; Used in contexts of unity or group activities.
• Каждый день (Kajdый den') - Meaning: Every day; A common phrase for routines or schedules.
• Все как один (Vse kak odin) - Meaning: All as one; Implies unanimous agreement, often in idiomatic expressions.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'все' directly corresponds to 'everybody' in informal, group-oriented contexts, while 'каждый' is better for situations emphasizing individual elements within a whole. Always consider the sentence's case requirements; for example, use genitive 'всех' after prepositions like 'без' (without). 'Каждый' agrees in gender and number, so it's more versatile in formal writing. Beginners should practice with simple sentences to avoid overgeneralizing translations.

• Choose 'все' for casual speech and 'каждый' for precise, formal statements.
• Be mindful of word order; Russian often places the pronoun at the beginning for emphasis, unlike English.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'все' in singular contexts, e.g., saying "Все человек" instead of "Каждый человек".
  Correct: "Каждый человек" [Kajdый chelovek] - Everybody (each person). Explanation: 'Все' is inherently plural; misuse can lead to grammatical errors, so select based on number.
• Error: Forgetting case changes, e.g., using nominative 'все' in genitive phrases like "без все" instead of "без всех".
  Correct: "Без всех" [Bez vseh] - Without everybody. Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English speakers often overlook, resulting in incomplete sentences.
• Error: Confusing with synonyms, e.g., using 'весь' interchangeably with 'все' in all contexts.
  Correct: Use 'весь' for 'all of something' (e.g., весь дом - the whole house), not for people. Explanation: This can alter meaning, so context is key.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, phrases like 'все вместе' reflect a strong emphasis on collectivism and community, stemming from historical influences such as Soviet-era solidarity. While 'everybody' in English is neutral, using 'все' in Russian can evoke a sense of shared responsibility, which is prevalent in social and familial interactions.

Related Concepts:

• люди (lyudi) - People
• общий (obshchiy) - Common or general
• коллектив (kollektiv) - Collective